[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1451},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation":3,"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo":585,"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo__counterpart":917,"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo__slides":1073,"annexes-memo:\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo":1238,"annexes-slides:\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo":1340},[4,224,440],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7,"children":8},"SNT — Seconde","\u002Fsnt-2nde","0.snt-2nde\u002F0.index",[9,10,14,36,66,92,118,144,162,184,206],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7},{"title":11,"path":12,"stem":13},"REVIEW pédagogique — SNT 2nde","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Freview","0.snt-2nde\u002FREVIEW",{"title":15,"path":16,"stem":17,"children":18},"Internet","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsa-internet","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsa-internet\u002F0.index",[19,20,24,28,32],{"title":15,"path":16,"stem":17},{"title":21,"path":22,"stem":23},"Adresses 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Web","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fhistoire-web","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F1.histoire-web",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"URL et hypertexte","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Furl-hypertexte","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F2.url-hypertexte",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"HTML et CSS — le contenu et la présentation","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fhtml-css","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F3.html-css",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"Client-serveur et requêtes HTTP","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fclient-serveur-http","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F4.client-serveur-http",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61},"Moteurs de recherche","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fmoteurs-recherche","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F5.moteurs-recherche",{"title":63,"path":64,"stem":65},"Sécurité du navigateur et notions juridiques","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fsecurite-droits","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F6.securite-droits",{"title":67,"path":68,"stem":69,"children":70},"Les réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F0.index",[71,72,76,80,84,88],{"title":67,"path":68,"stem":69},{"title":73,"path":74,"stem":75},"Panorama des réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fpanorama-rs","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F1.panorama-rs",{"title":77,"path":78,"stem":79},"Identité numérique et authentification","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fidentite-numerique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F2.identite-numerique",{"title":81,"path":82,"stem":83},"Le modèle économique des réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fmodele-economique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F3.modele-economique",{"title":85,"path":86,"stem":87},"Petit monde et graphes","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fpetit-monde-graphes","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F4.petit-monde-graphes",{"title":89,"path":90,"stem":91},"La cyberviolence","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fcyberviolence","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F5.cyberviolence",{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95,"children":96},"Les données structurées et leur traitement","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F0.index",[97,98,102,106,110,114],{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95},{"title":99,"path":100,"stem":101},"Données et formats","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fdonnees-formats","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F1.donnees-formats",{"title":103,"path":104,"stem":105},"Données structurées","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fdonnees-structurees","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F2.donnees-structurees",{"title":107,"path":108,"stem":109},"Métadonnées","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fmetadonnees","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F3.metadonnees",{"title":111,"path":112,"stem":113},"Traitement de tables","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Ftraitement-tables","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F4.traitement-tables",{"title":115,"path":116,"stem":117},"Le cloud","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fcloud","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F5.cloud",{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121,"children":122},"Localisation, cartographie et mobilité","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F0.index",[123,124,128,132,136,140],{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121},{"title":125,"path":126,"stem":127},"GPS et Galileo — se situer grâce aux satellites","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fgps-galileo","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F1.gps-galileo",{"title":129,"path":130,"stem":131},"Décoder une trame NMEA","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Ftrame-nmea","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F2.trame-nmea",{"title":133,"path":134,"stem":135},"Cartes numériques — GeoPortail et OpenStreetMap","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fcartes-numeriques","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques",{"title":137,"path":138,"stem":139},"Itinéraires et graphes","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fitineraires-graphes","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F4.itineraires-graphes",{"title":141,"path":142,"stem":143},"Confidentialité de la position","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fconfidentialite-position","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F5.confidentialite-position",{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147,"children":148},"Informatique embarquée et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F0.index",[149,150,154,158],{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147},{"title":151,"path":152,"stem":153},"Systèmes informatiques embarqués","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fsystemes-embarques","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F1.systemes-embarques",{"title":155,"path":156,"stem":157},"Capteurs et actionneurs","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fcapteurs-actionneurs","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F2.capteurs-actionneurs",{"title":159,"path":160,"stem":161},"IHM et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fihm-objet-connecte","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F3.ihm-objet-connecte",{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165,"children":166},"Photographie numérique","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F0.index",[167,168,172,176,180],{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165},{"title":169,"path":170,"stem":171},"Photosites, pixels et résolution","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fpixels-resolution","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F1.pixels-resolution",{"title":173,"path":174,"stem":175},"Les algorithmes de l'appareil photo","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo",{"title":177,"path":178,"stem":179},"Les métadonnées EXIF","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fmetadonnees-exif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F3.metadonnees-exif",{"title":181,"path":182,"stem":183},"Traiter une image en Python","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Ftraitement-rgb","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F4.traitement-rgb",{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187,"children":188},"Notions transversales de programmation","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F0.index",[189,190,194,198,202],{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187},{"title":191,"path":192,"stem":193},"Séquences d'instructions et variables","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fsequences-affectations","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F1.sequences-affectations",{"title":195,"path":196,"stem":197},"Instructions conditionnelles","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fconditionnelles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F2.conditionnelles",{"title":199,"path":200,"stem":201},"Boucles bornées et non bornées","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fboucles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F3.boucles",{"title":203,"path":204,"stem":205},"Définitions et appels de fonctions","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Ffonctions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F4.fonctions",{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209,"children":210},"Démo des widgets MDC","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F0.index",[211,212,216,220],{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209},{"title":213,"path":214,"stem":215},"Démo statique — callouts, code, BO, illustration","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fstatique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F1.statique",{"title":217,"path":218,"stem":219},"Démo interactive — self-eval et python-snippet","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Finteractif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F2.interactif",{"title":221,"path":222,"stem":223},"Démo · 14 widgets de manipulation NSI","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fwidgets-manipulation","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F3.widgets-manipulation",{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227,"children":228},"NSI — Première","\u002Fnsi-1ere","1.nsi-1ere\u002F0.index",[229,230,234,256,282,304,328,354,380,410],{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227},{"title":231,"path":232,"stem":233},"Relecture pédagogique — 8 chapitres NSI 1ère (PA → PH)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Freview","1.nsi-1ere\u002FREVIEW",{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237,"children":238},"Histoire de l'informatique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F0.index",[239,240,244,248,252],{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237},{"title":241,"path":242,"stem":243},"De la préantiquité aux machines à calculer","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fpreantiquite-aux-machines","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F1.preantiquite-aux-machines",{"title":245,"path":246,"stem":247},"La machine universelle (1930-1950)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fmachine-universelle","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F2.machine-universelle",{"title":249,"path":250,"stem":251},"Les ordinateurs modernes (1947-1990)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fordinateurs-modernes","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F3.ordinateurs-modernes",{"title":253,"path":254,"stem":255},"Réseaux, Web et IA (1969 à aujourd'hui)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Freseaux-et-web","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F4.reseaux-et-web",{"title":257,"path":258,"stem":259,"children":260},"Représentation des données — types et valeurs","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F0.index",[261,262,266,270,274,278],{"title":257,"path":258,"stem":259},{"title":263,"path":264,"stem":265},"Bases de numération et entiers positifs","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fbases-entiers-positifs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F1.bases-entiers-positifs",{"title":267,"path":268,"stem":269},"Entiers relatifs et complément à deux","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fentiers-relatifs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F2.entiers-relatifs",{"title":271,"path":272,"stem":273},"Nombres flottants et virgule flottante","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fflottants","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F3.flottants",{"title":275,"path":276,"stem":277},"Textes et encodages — ASCII, ISO-8859-1, Unicode","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Ftextes-encodages","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F4.textes-encodages",{"title":279,"path":280,"stem":281},"Valeurs booléennes et opérateurs logiques","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fbooleens","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F5.booleens",{"title":283,"path":284,"stem":285,"children":286},"Représentation des données : types construits","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F0.index",[287,288,292,296,300],{"title":283,"path":284,"stem":285},{"title":289,"path":290,"stem":291},"Tableaux et listes","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Ftableaux-listes","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F1.tableaux-listes",{"title":293,"path":294,"stem":295},"Listes en compréhension","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fcomprehension","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F2.comprehension",{"title":297,"path":298,"stem":299},"Tuples et p-uplets nommés","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Ftuples","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F3.tuples",{"title":301,"path":302,"stem":303},"Dictionnaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fdictionnaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F4.dictionnaires",{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307,"children":308},"Traitement de données en tables","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F0.index",[309,310,314,318,322],{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307},{"title":311,"path":312,"stem":313},"Tables et CSV","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftables-csv","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F1.tables-csv",{"title":315,"path":316,"stem":317},"Recherche et filtrage","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Frecherche","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F2.recherche",{"title":319,"path":320,"stem":321},"Trier une table","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftri","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F3.tri",{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325,"children":326},"Fusion et indexation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ffusion-indexation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F4.fusion-indexation",[327],{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325},{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331,"children":332},"IHM sur le Web","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F0.index",[333,334,338,342,346,350],{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331},{"title":335,"path":336,"stem":337},"HTML et CSS — rappel de structure","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fhtml-css-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F1.html-css-bases",{"title":339,"path":340,"stem":341},"Formulaires HTML","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fformulaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F2.formulaires",{"title":343,"path":344,"stem":345},"Événements JavaScript","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fevenements-js","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F3.evenements-js",{"title":347,"path":348,"stem":349},"Manipulation du DOM","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fdom-interaction","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F4.dom-interaction",{"title":351,"path":352,"stem":353},"Client, serveur et HTTP","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fclient-serveur-http","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F5.client-serveur-http",{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357,"children":358},"Architectures matérielles et systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F0.index",[359,360,364,368,372,376],{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357},{"title":361,"path":362,"stem":363},"Le modèle de von Neumann","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fvon-neumann","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F1.von-neumann",{"title":365,"path":366,"stem":367},"Périphériques et interface homme-machine","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fperipheriques-ihm","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F2.peripheriques-ihm",{"title":369,"path":370,"stem":371},"Les systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fsystemes-exploitation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation",{"title":373,"path":374,"stem":375},"Linux et le shell","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Flinux-shell","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F4.linux-shell",{"title":377,"path":378,"stem":379},"Réseaux et protocoles","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Freseaux","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F5.reseaux",{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383,"children":384},"Langages et programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[385,386,390,394,398,402,406],{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383},{"title":387,"path":388,"stem":389},"Diversité et unité des langages de programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fdiversite-langages","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F1.diversite-langages",{"title":391,"path":392,"stem":393},"Constructions élémentaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fconstructions-elementaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F2.constructions-elementaires",{"title":395,"path":396,"stem":397},"Fonctions","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Ffonctions","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F3.fonctions",{"title":399,"path":400,"stem":401},"Spécification d'une fonction","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fspecification","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F4.specification",{"title":403,"path":404,"stem":405},"Mise au point des programmes","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F5.mise-au-point",{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409},"Utilisation de bibliothèques","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fbibliotheques","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F6.bibliotheques",{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413,"children":414},"Algorithmique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[415,416,420,424,428,432,436],{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413},{"title":417,"path":418,"stem":419},"Parcours séquentiel d'un tableau","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fparcours-sequentiel","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F1.parcours-sequentiel",{"title":421,"path":422,"stem":423},"Bases de la complexité","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fcomplexite-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F2.complexite-bases",{"title":425,"path":426,"stem":427},"Tris par sélection et par insertion","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Ftris","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F3.tris",{"title":429,"path":430,"stem":431},"Recherche dichotomique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fdichotomie","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F4.dichotomie",{"title":433,"path":434,"stem":435},"Algorithmes gloutons","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fgloutons","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F5.gloutons",{"title":437,"path":438,"stem":439},"Les k plus proches voisins (k-NN)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fknn","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F6.knn",{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443,"children":444},"NSI — Terminale","\u002Fnsi-tale","2.nsi-tale\u002F0.index",[445,446,450,476,498,536,560],{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443},{"title":447,"path":448,"stem":449},"Review pédagogique — chapitres NSI Terminale (TA, TB, TC, TD, TE)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Freview","2.nsi-tale\u002FREVIEW",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"children":454},"Structures de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F0.index",[455,456,460,464,468,472],{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453},{"title":457,"path":458,"stem":459},"Objet, classe, interface","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Finterface-implementation","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F1.interface-implementation",{"title":461,"path":462,"stem":463},"Implémenter une structure — l'exemple de la file FIFO","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Fimplementer-une-structure","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F2.implementer-une-structure",{"title":465,"path":466,"stem":467},"Listes, piles, files, dictionnaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Flistes-piles-files-dict","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F3.listes-piles-files-dict",{"title":469,"path":470,"stem":471},"Arbres binaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Farbres-binaires","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F4.arbres-binaires",{"title":473,"path":474,"stem":475},"Graphes","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Fgraphes","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F5.graphes",{"title":477,"path":478,"stem":479,"children":480},"Bases de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F0.index",[481,482,486,490,494],{"title":477,"path":478,"stem":479},{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Le modèle relationnel","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fmodele-relationnel","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F1.modele-relationnel",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Bases de données relationnelles et anomalies de schéma","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fbase-relationnelle","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F2.base-relationnelle",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Le langage SQL","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fsql","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F3.sql",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Les systèmes de gestion de bases de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fsgbd","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F4.sgbd",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501,"children":502},"Architectures matérielles, systèmes d'exploitation et réseaux","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F0.index",[503,504,508,512,516,520,524,528,532],{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507},"Le système sur puce (SoC)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fsysteme-sur-puce","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F1.systeme-sur-puce",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511},"Processus et ordonnancement par l'OS","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprocessus-os","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F2.processus-os",{"title":513,"path":514,"stem":515},"L'interblocage (deadlock)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Finterblocage","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F3.interblocage",{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519},"Principes du routage","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Froutage-principes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F4.routage-principes",{"title":521,"path":522,"stem":523},"Protocoles de routage RIP et OSPF","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprotocoles-rip-ospf","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F5.protocoles-rip-ospf",{"title":525,"path":526,"stem":527},"Chiffrement symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-symetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F6.chiffrement-symetrique",{"title":529,"path":530,"stem":531},"Chiffrement asymétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-asymetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F7.chiffrement-asymetrique",{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},"HTTPS — l'échange de clé symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fhttps-tls","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F8.https-tls",{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538,"children":539},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[540,541,544,548,552,556],{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538},{"title":403,"path":542,"stem":543},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F1.mise-au-point",{"title":545,"path":546,"stem":547},"Modularité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmodularite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F2.modularite",{"title":549,"path":550,"stem":551},"Récursivité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Frecursivite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F3.recursivite",{"title":553,"path":554,"stem":555},"Paradigmes de programmation","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fparadigmes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F4.paradigmes",{"title":557,"path":558,"stem":559},"Programme comme donnée — calculabilité et indécidabilité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fprogramme-comme-donnee","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F5.programme-comme-donnee",{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562,"children":563},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[564,565,569,573,577,581],{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562},{"title":566,"path":567,"stem":568},"Algorithmes sur les arbres binaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Farbres-binaires-algos","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F1.arbres-binaires-algos",{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"Parcours de graphes — DFS, BFS, cycles, chemins","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fgraphes-parcours","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F2.graphes-parcours",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"Diviser pour régner","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fdiviser-pour-regner","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F3.diviser-pour-regner",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Programmation dynamique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fprogrammation-dynamique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F4.programmation-dynamique",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},"Recherche textuelle — l'algorithme de Boyer-Moore","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Frecherche-textuelle","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F5.recherche-textuelle",{"id":586,"title":173,"bo":587,"body":589,"description":900,"eval":901,"extension":902,"labo":901,"meta":903,"navigation":904,"path":174,"quizzes":905,"readingTime":914,"seo":915,"stem":175,"tp":901,"__hash__":916},"cours\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo.md",[588],"SG03",{"type":590,"value":591,"toc":889},"minimark",[592,597,614,617,620,624,631,656,663,689,693,696,711,721,725,731,755,762,766,777,787,791,810,815,819,844,866,870],[593,594,596],"h2",{"id":595},"introduction","Introduction",[598,599,600,601,605,606,609,610,613],"p",{},"Quand vous appuyez sur le déclencheur, vous croyez « capturer la réalité ».\nEn vérité, votre appareil — qu'il s'agisse d'un smartphone ou d'un reflex —\nexécute en quelques fractions de seconde ",[602,603,604],"strong",{},"plusieurs algorithmes",", chacun\nprenant des décisions sur la mise au point, la lumière, les couleurs, le\nbruit. Ce qui sort du capteur est une ",[602,607,608],{},"soupe de mesures brutes"," ; ce qui\narrive dans le fichier final est une ",[602,611,612],{},"image calculée",".",[598,615,616],{},"Ce cours présente les algorithmes les plus emblématiques qui transforment les\nmesures du capteur en une photo nette, contrastée, équilibrée.",[618,619],"bo-ref",{"code":588},[593,621,623],{"id":622},"lautofocus-où-faire-la-mise-au-point","L'autofocus — où faire la mise au point ?",[598,625,626,627,630],{},"L'",[602,628,629],{},"autofocus"," (mise au point automatique) cherche à rendre nette une zone\nprécise de la scène. Plusieurs stratégies sont possibles.",[632,633,634],"note",{},[635,636,637,644,650],"ul",{},[638,639,640,643],"li",{},[602,641,642],{},"Autofocus par contraste"," : l'appareil déplace l'objectif pas à pas et\nmesure la netteté (les contours nets ont un fort contraste local).",[638,645,646,649],{},[602,647,648],{},"Autofocus par détection de phase"," : des photosites spécialisés mesurent\nun décalage qui indique directement la distance.",[638,651,652,655],{},[602,653,654],{},"Autofocus par intelligence artificielle"," : un modèle reconnaît un visage,\nun œil ou un animal, et y place la mise au point.",[598,657,658,659,662],{},"Dans tous les cas, l'appareil exécute un algorithme ",[602,660,661],{},"avant même"," que la photo\nne soit prise — pour décider où regarder.",[664,665,669,676],"self-eval-qcm",{"correct":666,"explanation":667,"slug":668},"1","L'autofocus par contraste a besoin de variations nettes (contours) pour mesurer la netteté. Un mur uniforme n'en offre pas.","algorithmes-photo-c1",[670,671,673],"template",{"v-slot:question":672},"",[598,674,675],{},"Pourquoi l'autofocus peut-il échouer sur un mur uni ?",[670,677,678],{"v-slot:choices":672},[635,679,680,683,686],{},[638,681,682],{},"Parce que le mur est trop blanc",[638,684,685],{},"Parce qu’il manque de contraste local à mesurer",[638,687,688],{},"Parce que le capteur est sale",[593,690,692],{"id":691},"la-balance-des-blancs-quelle-couleur-est-neutre","La balance des blancs — quelle couleur est neutre ?",[598,694,695],{},"Selon la source lumineuse (soleil, néon, ampoule, écran), le blanc « réel »\nn'a pas la même couleur sur le capteur. Une feuille blanche photographiée sous\nune ampoule jaune sera mesurée… jaune.",[598,697,698,699,702,703,706,707,710],{},"La ",[602,700,701],{},"balance des blancs"," est l'algorithme qui ",[602,704,705],{},"corrige"," ces dérives : il\nidentifie ce qui devrait être blanc dans la scène et ",[602,708,709],{},"réajuste les\ncomposantes R, G, B"," de tous les pixels en conséquence.",[712,713,714],"tip",{},[598,715,716,717,720],{},"On peut souvent ",[602,718,719],{},"désactiver"," la balance des blancs automatique et choisir un\nréglage manuel (« lumière du jour », « tungstène », « fluorescent »…). Utile en\nphoto d'art ou pour conserver une ambiance.",[593,722,724],{"id":723},"lexposition-et-le-hdr","L'exposition et le HDR",[598,726,626,727,730],{},[602,728,729],{},"exposition"," mesure la quantité de lumière qui atteint le capteur. Trop\nexposée, l'image est blanche (« cramée ») ; sous-exposée, elle est sombre. Un\nalgorithme choisit en temps réel la vitesse d'obturation et l'ouverture pour\nviser une exposition correcte.",[598,732,733,734,737,738,742,743,746,747,750,751,754],{},"Le ",[602,735,736],{},"HDR"," (",[739,740,741],"em",{},"High Dynamic Range",") va plus loin : l'appareil prend ",[602,744,745],{},"plusieurs\nphotos"," très rapprochées avec des expositions différentes, puis ",[602,748,749],{},"fusionne","\nles zones les mieux exposées de chaque cliché. Une seule pression du\ndéclencheur, mais ",[602,752,753],{},"trois ou cinq photos"," en arrière-plan.",[756,757],"illustration",{"alt":758,"kind":759,"src":760,"svg":761},"Trois prises de vue (sous-exposée, normale, sur-exposée) fusionnées en une seule image HDR","mermaid","\u002Fillustrations\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fhdr-fusion.svg","\u003Csvg id=\"ill-0-snt-2nde-sg-photo-numerique-hdr-fusion\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" class=\"illustration-svg flowchart\" viewBox=\"0 0 538.40625 178\" role=\"graphics-document document\" aria-roledescription=\"flowchart-v2\">\u003Cstyle>#ill-0-snt-2nde-sg-photo-numerique-hdr-fusion{font-family:Geist,Inter,system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif;font-size:14px;fill:var(--diagram-text);}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#ill-0-snt-2nde-sg-photo-numerique-hdr-fusion 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Les mesures sont\n",[602,770,771],{},"bruitées"," : des pixels aléatoirement trop clairs ou trop sombres apparaissent.\nUn algorithme de ",[602,774,775],{},"débruitage"," lisse l'image en moyennant les zones homogènes\ntout en préservant les contours.",[778,779,780],"warning",{},[598,781,782,783,786],{},"Trop de débruitage ",[602,784,785],{},"efface les détails",". La frontière entre « image lissée »\net « image qui ressemble à une peinture » est mince. Les smartphones poussent\nparfois trop loin pour faire de jolies miniatures.",[593,788,790],{"id":789},"démosaïçage-et-autres-traitements-en-amont","Démosaïçage et autres traitements en amont",[598,792,793,794,797,798,801,802,805,806,809],{},"Avant tous ces réglages, un algorithme essentiel intervient : le\n",[602,795,796],{},"démosaïçage",". Rappelez-vous : chaque photosite ne mesure ",[602,799,800],{},"qu'une"," couleur\nparmi R, G, B. Pour produire une image dont ",[602,803,804],{},"chaque pixel"," porte les trois\ncomposantes, l'appareil ",[602,807,808],{},"interpole"," les valeurs manquantes à partir des\nvoisins.",[632,811,812],{},[598,813,814],{},"Sans démosaïçage, vous obtiendriez une image en mosaïque rouge\u002Fvert\u002Fbleu. La\nphoto « lisse » que vous voyez est déjà le résultat d'un calcul.",[593,816,818],{"id":817},"vérification-de-compréhension","Vérification de compréhension",[664,820,824,829],{"correct":821,"explanation":822,"slug":823},"2","Le HDR (High Dynamic Range) fusionne plusieurs photos d'expositions différentes en une seule image.","algorithmes-photo-c2",[670,825,826],{"v-slot:question":672},[598,827,828],{},"Quel algorithme combine plusieurs prises de vue successives ?",[670,830,831],{"v-slot:choices":672},[635,832,833,836,838,841],{},[638,834,835],{},"L’autofocus",[638,837,765],{},[638,839,840],{},"Le HDR",[638,842,843],{},"La balance des blancs",[664,845,848,853],{"correct":666,"explanation":846,"slug":847},"Le démosaïçage interpole les composantes manquantes à partir des voisins, puisque chaque photosite ne mesure qu'une seule couleur.","algorithmes-photo-c3",[670,849,850],{"v-slot:question":672},[598,851,852],{},"Le démosaïçage sert à :",[670,854,855],{"v-slot:choices":672},[635,856,857,860,863],{},[638,858,859],{},"Compresser l’image",[638,861,862],{},"Reconstruire les trois composantes RGB de chaque pixel",[638,864,865],{},"Détecter les visages",[593,867,869],{"id":868},"pour-aller-plus-loin","Pour aller plus loin",[598,871,872,873,876,877,880,881,884,885,888],{},"Les ",[602,874,875],{},"smartphones modernes"," entrent dans une autre catégorie : la\n",[739,878,879],{},"photographie computationnelle",". Pour un seul déclenchement, ils combinent\nplusieurs poses, du ",[739,882,883],{},"machine learning"," pour reconnaître la scène, et des\nréglages adaptés au sujet. Le « grain » d'une photo de smartphone n'a presque\nplus rien à voir avec ce que le capteur a réellement mesuré — il est en\ngrande partie ",[602,886,887],{},"calculé"," pour vous plaire.",{"title":672,"searchDepth":890,"depth":890,"links":891},2,[892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899],{"id":595,"depth":890,"text":596},{"id":622,"depth":890,"text":623},{"id":691,"depth":890,"text":692},{"id":723,"depth":890,"text":724},{"id":764,"depth":890,"text":765},{"id":789,"depth":890,"text":790},{"id":817,"depth":890,"text":818},{"id":868,"depth":890,"text":869},"Autofocus, balance des blancs, HDR, débruitage — la photo numérique est calculée bien avant d'être enregistrée.",null,"md",{},true,[906,910,912],{"slug":668,"kind":907,"question":675,"choices":908,"correct":666,"multi":909,"explanation":667},"qcm",[682,685,688],false,{"slug":823,"kind":907,"question":828,"choices":911,"correct":821,"multi":909,"explanation":822},[835,765,840,843],{"slug":847,"kind":907,"question":852,"choices":913,"correct":666,"multi":909,"explanation":846},[859,862,865],1,{"title":173,"description":900},"sPCL-zFkOtC3Hg86EC1O5kwYEtVrtWXZZjLf9DkqxXU",{"id":918,"title":919,"bo":920,"body":921,"description":1066,"eval":901,"extension":902,"labo":901,"meta":1067,"navigation":909,"path":1068,"quizzes":1069,"readingTime":914,"seo":1070,"stem":1071,"tp":901,"__hash__":1072},"coursMemo\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo.memo.md","Les algorithmes de l'appareil photo — l'essentiel",[588],{"type":590,"value":922,"toc":1059},[923,927,934,938,970,974,1026,1030,1048,1052],[593,924,926],{"id":925},"en-une-phrase","En une phrase",[598,928,929,930,933],{},"Une photo numérique est ",[602,931,932],{},"calculée"," : entre le capteur et le fichier, plusieurs\nalgorithmes interviennent pour décider de la netteté, des couleurs, de\nl'exposition et du bruit.",[593,935,937],{"id":936},"à-mémoriser","À mémoriser",[635,939,940,946,952,958,964],{},[638,941,942,945],{},[602,943,944],{},"Autofocus"," : choisit où placer la mise au point (contraste, phase, IA).",[638,947,948,951],{},[602,949,950],{},"Balance des blancs"," : corrige la teinte globale selon la source lumineuse.",[638,953,954,957],{},[602,955,956],{},"Exposition \u002F HDR"," : ajuste la quantité de lumière ; le HDR fusionne plusieurs prises.",[638,959,960,963],{},[602,961,962],{},"Débruitage"," : lisse les pixels aléatoires en basse lumière.",[638,965,966,969],{},[602,967,968],{},"Démosaïçage"," : reconstruit les 3 composantes RGB de chaque pixel à partir des photosites filtrés.",[593,971,973],{"id":972},"à-savoir-reconnaître","À savoir reconnaître",[975,976,977,990],"table",{},[978,979,980],"thead",{},[981,982,983,987],"tr",{},[984,985,986],"th",{},"Effet observé",[984,988,989],{},"Algorithme en cause",[991,992,993,1002,1010,1018],"tbody",{},[981,994,995,999],{},[996,997,998],"td",{},"Image floue malgré l'autofocus",[996,1000,1001],{},"Pas assez de contraste (mur uni, basse lumière).",[981,1003,1004,1007],{},[996,1005,1006],{},"Photo « jaunâtre » sous une lampe",[996,1008,1009],{},"Balance des blancs mal calibrée.",[981,1011,1012,1015],{},[996,1013,1014],{},"Détails effacés sur une photo de nuit",[996,1016,1017],{},"Débruitage trop agressif.",[981,1019,1020,1023],{},[996,1021,1022],{},"Photo très contrastée d'un contre-jour",[996,1024,1025],{},"Mode HDR activé.",[593,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"pièges-courants","Pièges courants",[635,1031,1032,1035,1045],{},[638,1033,1034],{},"Croire qu'une photo « sort du capteur » telle quelle — fausse impression.",[638,1036,1037,1038,1041,1042,1044],{},"Confondre ",[602,1039,1040],{},"netteté"," (mise au point) et ",[602,1043,729],{}," (lumière).",[638,1046,1047],{},"Désactiver le HDR sans s'en rendre compte → contre-jours ratés.",[593,1049,1051],{"id":1050},"idée-clé","Idée-clé",[598,1053,1054,1055,1058],{},"La photo numérique est ",[602,1056,1057],{},"interprétée"," par l'appareil, bien avant d'être\nenregistrée. Connaître ces algorithmes vous aide à comprendre pourquoi deux\ntéléphones différents produisent deux photos différentes de la même scène.",{"title":672,"searchDepth":890,"depth":890,"links":1060},[1061,1062,1063,1064,1065],{"id":925,"depth":890,"text":926},{"id":936,"depth":890,"text":937},{"id":972,"depth":890,"text":973},{"id":1028,"depth":890,"text":1029},{"id":1050,"depth":890,"text":1051},"Mémo de révision sur les algorithmes embarqués dans la prise de vue.",{},"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo.memo",[],{"title":919,"description":1066},"0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo.memo","cVNKIkP4flaVR578zxDHd-xCJ2Ly4TrF--yxcE9t7tI",{"id":1074,"title":1075,"body":1076,"description":1232,"extension":902,"meta":1233,"navigation":909,"path":1234,"seo":1235,"stem":1236,"__hash__":1237},"coursSlides\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo.slides.md","Les algorithmes de l'appareil photo — diapositives",{"type":590,"value":1077,"toc":1230},[1078,1083,1086,1089,1091,1098,1119,1121,1124,1129,1140,1142,1146,1166,1168,1170,1173,1187,1189,1191,1197,1209,1215,1217,1221,1227],[1079,1080,1082],"h1",{"id":1081},"la-photo-image-calculée","La photo, image calculée",[598,1084,1085],{},"Entre le capteur et le fichier, plusieurs algorithmes décident à votre place.",[1087,1088],"hr",{},[1079,1090,944],{"id":629},[598,1092,1093,1094,1097],{},"Choisit ",[602,1095,1096],{},"où"," faire la mise au point.",[635,1099,1100,1107,1113],{},[638,1101,1102,1103,1106],{},"Par ",[602,1104,1105],{},"contraste"," : maximiser la netteté locale.",[638,1108,1102,1109,1112],{},[602,1110,1111],{},"détection de phase"," : photosites spécialisés.",[638,1114,1102,1115,1118],{},[602,1116,1117],{},"intelligence artificielle"," : visage, œil, animal.",[1087,1120],{},[1079,1122,950],{"id":1123},"balance-des-blancs",[598,1125,1126],{},[602,1127,1128],{},"Quelle couleur est neutre ?",[635,1130,1131,1134,1137],{},[638,1132,1133],{},"Une feuille blanche n'est pas captée « blanche » sous toutes les lumières.",[638,1135,1136],{},"L'algorithme réajuste R, G, B globalement.",[638,1138,1139],{},"Réglage manuel possible : soleil, néon, tungstène…",[1087,1141],{},[1079,1143,1145],{"id":1144},"exposition-hdr","Exposition & HDR",[635,1147,1148,1154,1159],{},[638,1149,1150,1153],{},[602,1151,1152],{},"Exposition"," : combien de lumière laisser entrer.",[638,1155,1156,1158],{},[602,1157,736],{}," : fusionne plusieurs photos d'expositions différentes.",[638,1160,1161,1162,1165],{},"Effet : préserver les détails dans les ombres ",[602,1163,1164],{},"et"," les hautes lumières.",[1087,1167],{},[1079,1169,962],{"id":775},[598,1171,1172],{},"Basse lumière → photosites bruités.",[635,1174,1175,1178,1181],{},[638,1176,1177],{},"L'algorithme moyenne les zones homogènes.",[638,1179,1180],{},"Préserve (idéalement) les contours.",[638,1182,1183,1186],{},[602,1184,1185],{},"Limite"," : trop lisse → impression de peinture.",[1087,1188],{},[1079,1190,968],{"id":796},[598,1192,1193,1194,1196],{},"Chaque photosite ne mesure ",[602,1195,800],{}," couleur.",[635,1198,1199,1206],{},[638,1200,1201,1202,1205],{},"Algorithme : reconstruit les 3 composantes RGB de ",[602,1203,1204],{},"chaque"," pixel.",[638,1207,1208],{},"Sans lui : mosaïque colorée illisible.",[756,1210],{"alt":1211,"kind":1212,"src":1213,"svg":1214},"À gauche grille Bayer brute en mosaïque rouge\u002Fvert\u002Fbleu, à droite la même image avec chaque pixel reconstitué en RGB complet, flèche démosaïçage entre les deux","schema","\u002Fillustrations\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fbayer-vers-rgb.svg","\u003Csvg class=\"illustration-svg\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 260\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"À gauche un capteur : grille de photosites en mosaïque de Bayer (rouge, vert, vert, bleu), chaque case ne mesure qu'une couleur. 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