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Web","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F0.index",[41,42,46,50,54,58,62],{"title":37,"path":38,"stem":39},{"title":43,"path":44,"stem":45},"Histoire du Web","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fhistoire-web","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F1.histoire-web",{"title":47,"path":48,"stem":49},"URL et hypertexte","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Furl-hypertexte","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F2.url-hypertexte",{"title":51,"path":52,"stem":53},"HTML et CSS — le contenu et la présentation","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fhtml-css","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F3.html-css",{"title":55,"path":56,"stem":57},"Client-serveur et requêtes HTTP","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fclient-serveur-http","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F4.client-serveur-http",{"title":59,"path":60,"stem":61},"Moteurs de recherche","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fmoteurs-recherche","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F5.moteurs-recherche",{"title":63,"path":64,"stem":65},"Sécurité du navigateur et notions juridiques","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002Fsecurite-droits","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsb-web\u002F6.securite-droits",{"title":67,"path":68,"stem":69,"children":70},"Les réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F0.index",[71,72,76,80,84,88],{"title":67,"path":68,"stem":69},{"title":73,"path":74,"stem":75},"Panorama des réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fpanorama-rs","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F1.panorama-rs",{"title":77,"path":78,"stem":79},"Identité numérique et authentification","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fidentite-numerique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F2.identite-numerique",{"title":81,"path":82,"stem":83},"Le modèle économique des réseaux sociaux","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fmodele-economique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F3.modele-economique",{"title":85,"path":86,"stem":87},"Petit monde et graphes","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fpetit-monde-graphes","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F4.petit-monde-graphes",{"title":89,"path":90,"stem":91},"La cyberviolence","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002Fcyberviolence","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsc-reseaux-sociaux\u002F5.cyberviolence",{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95,"children":96},"Les données structurées et leur traitement","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F0.index",[97,98,102,106,110,114],{"title":93,"path":94,"stem":95},{"title":99,"path":100,"stem":101},"Données et formats","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fdonnees-formats","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F1.donnees-formats",{"title":103,"path":104,"stem":105},"Données 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position","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fconfidentialite-position","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F5.confidentialite-position",{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147,"children":148},"Informatique embarquée et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F0.index",[149,150,154,158],{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147},{"title":151,"path":152,"stem":153},"Systèmes informatiques embarqués","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fsystemes-embarques","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F1.systemes-embarques",{"title":155,"path":156,"stem":157},"Capteurs et actionneurs","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fcapteurs-actionneurs","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F2.capteurs-actionneurs",{"title":159,"path":160,"stem":161},"IHM et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fihm-objet-connecte","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F3.ihm-objet-connecte",{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165,"children":166},"Photographie numérique","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F0.index",[167,168,172,176,180],{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165},{"title":169,"path":170,"stem":171},"Photosites, pixels et résolution","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fpixels-resolution","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F1.pixels-resolution",{"title":173,"path":174,"stem":175},"Les algorithmes de l'appareil photo","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo",{"title":177,"path":178,"stem":179},"Les métadonnées EXIF","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fmetadonnees-exif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F3.metadonnees-exif",{"title":181,"path":182,"stem":183},"Traiter une image en Python","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Ftraitement-rgb","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F4.traitement-rgb",{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187,"children":188},"Notions transversales de programmation","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F0.index",[189,190,194,198,202],{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187},{"title":191,"path":192,"stem":193},"Séquences d'instructions et variables","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fsequences-affectations","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F1.sequences-affectations",{"title":195,"path":196,"stem":197},"Instructions conditionnelles","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fconditionnelles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F2.conditionnelles",{"title":199,"path":200,"stem":201},"Boucles bornées et non bornées","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fboucles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F3.boucles",{"title":203,"path":204,"stem":205},"Définitions et appels de fonctions","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Ffonctions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F4.fonctions",{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209,"children":210},"Démo des widgets MDC","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F0.index",[211,212,216,220],{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209},{"title":213,"path":214,"stem":215},"Démo statique — callouts, code, BO, illustration","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fstatique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F1.statique",{"title":217,"path":218,"stem":219},"Démo interactive — self-eval et python-snippet","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Finteractif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F2.interactif",{"title":221,"path":222,"stem":223},"Démo · 14 widgets de manipulation NSI","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fwidgets-manipulation","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F3.widgets-manipulation",{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227,"children":228},"NSI — Première","\u002Fnsi-1ere","1.nsi-1ere\u002F0.index",[229,230,234,256,282,304,328,354,380,410],{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227},{"title":231,"path":232,"stem":233},"Relecture pédagogique — 8 chapitres NSI 1ère (PA → PH)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Freview","1.nsi-1ere\u002FREVIEW",{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237,"children":238},"Histoire de l'informatique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F0.index",[239,240,244,248,252],{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237},{"title":241,"path":242,"stem":243},"De la préantiquité aux machines à calculer","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fpreantiquite-aux-machines","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F1.preantiquite-aux-machines",{"title":245,"path":246,"stem":247},"La machine universelle (1930-1950)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fmachine-universelle","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F2.machine-universelle",{"title":249,"path":250,"stem":251},"Les ordinateurs modernes 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deux","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fentiers-relatifs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F2.entiers-relatifs",{"title":271,"path":272,"stem":273},"Nombres flottants et virgule flottante","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fflottants","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F3.flottants",{"title":275,"path":276,"stem":277},"Textes et encodages — ASCII, ISO-8859-1, Unicode","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Ftextes-encodages","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F4.textes-encodages",{"title":279,"path":280,"stem":281},"Valeurs booléennes et opérateurs logiques","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fbooleens","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F5.booleens",{"title":283,"path":284,"stem":285,"children":286},"Représentation des données : types construits","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F0.index",[287,288,292,296,300],{"title":283,"path":284,"stem":285},{"title":289,"path":290,"stem":291},"Tableaux et listes","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Ftableaux-listes","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F1.tableaux-listes",{"title":293,"path":294,"stem":295},"Listes en compréhension","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fcomprehension","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F2.comprehension",{"title":297,"path":298,"stem":299},"Tuples et p-uplets nommés","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Ftuples","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F3.tuples",{"title":301,"path":302,"stem":303},"Dictionnaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fdictionnaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F4.dictionnaires",{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307,"children":308},"Traitement de données en tables","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F0.index",[309,310,314,318,322],{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307},{"title":311,"path":312,"stem":313},"Tables et CSV","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftables-csv","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F1.tables-csv",{"title":315,"path":316,"stem":317},"Recherche et filtrage","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Frecherche","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F2.recherche",{"title":319,"path":320,"stem":321},"Trier une table","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftri","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F3.tri",{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325,"children":326},"Fusion et indexation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ffusion-indexation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F4.fusion-indexation",[327],{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325},{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331,"children":332},"IHM sur le Web","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F0.index",[333,334,338,342,346,350],{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331},{"title":335,"path":336,"stem":337},"HTML et CSS — rappel de structure","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fhtml-css-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F1.html-css-bases",{"title":339,"path":340,"stem":341},"Formulaires HTML","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fformulaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F2.formulaires",{"title":343,"path":344,"stem":345},"Événements JavaScript","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fevenements-js","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F3.evenements-js",{"title":347,"path":348,"stem":349},"Manipulation du DOM","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fdom-interaction","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F4.dom-interaction",{"title":351,"path":352,"stem":353},"Client, serveur et HTTP","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fclient-serveur-http","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F5.client-serveur-http",{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357,"children":358},"Architectures matérielles et systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F0.index",[359,360,364,368,372,376],{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357},{"title":361,"path":362,"stem":363},"Le modèle de von Neumann","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fvon-neumann","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F1.von-neumann",{"title":365,"path":366,"stem":367},"Périphériques et interface homme-machine","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fperipheriques-ihm","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F2.peripheriques-ihm",{"title":369,"path":370,"stem":371},"Les systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fsystemes-exploitation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation",{"title":373,"path":374,"stem":375},"Linux et le shell","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Flinux-shell","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F4.linux-shell",{"title":377,"path":378,"stem":379},"Réseaux et protocoles","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Freseaux","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F5.reseaux",{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383,"children":384},"Langages et programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[385,386,390,394,398,402,406],{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383},{"title":387,"path":388,"stem":389},"Diversité et unité des langages de programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fdiversite-langages","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F1.diversite-langages",{"title":391,"path":392,"stem":393},"Constructions élémentaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fconstructions-elementaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F2.constructions-elementaires",{"title":395,"path":396,"stem":397},"Fonctions","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Ffonctions","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F3.fonctions",{"title":399,"path":400,"stem":401},"Spécification d'une fonction","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fspecification","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F4.specification",{"title":403,"path":404,"stem":405},"Mise au point des programmes","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F5.mise-au-point",{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409},"Utilisation de bibliothèques","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fbibliotheques","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F6.bibliotheques",{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413,"children":414},"Algorithmique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[415,416,420,424,428,432,436],{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413},{"title":417,"path":418,"stem":419},"Parcours séquentiel d'un tableau","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fparcours-sequentiel","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F1.parcours-sequentiel",{"title":421,"path":422,"stem":423},"Bases de la complexité","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fcomplexite-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F2.complexite-bases",{"title":425,"path":426,"stem":427},"Tris par sélection et par insertion","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Ftris","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F3.tris",{"title":429,"path":430,"stem":431},"Recherche dichotomique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fdichotomie","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F4.dichotomie",{"title":433,"path":434,"stem":435},"Algorithmes gloutons","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fgloutons","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F5.gloutons",{"title":437,"path":438,"stem":439},"Les k plus proches voisins (k-NN)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fknn","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F6.knn",{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443,"children":444},"NSI — Terminale","\u002Fnsi-tale","2.nsi-tale\u002F0.index",[445,446,450,476,498,536,560],{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443},{"title":447,"path":448,"stem":449},"Review pédagogique — chapitres NSI Terminale (TA, TB, TC, TD, TE)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Freview","2.nsi-tale\u002FREVIEW",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"children":454},"Structures de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F0.index",[455,456,460,464,468,472],{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453},{"title":457,"path":458,"stem":459},"Objet, classe, interface","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Finterface-implementation","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F1.interface-implementation",{"title":461,"path":462,"stem":463},"Implémenter une structure — l'exemple de la file FIFO","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Fimplementer-une-structure","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F2.implementer-une-structure",{"title":465,"path":466,"stem":467},"Listes, piles, files, dictionnaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Flistes-piles-files-dict","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F3.listes-piles-files-dict",{"title":469,"path":470,"stem":471},"Arbres binaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Farbres-binaires","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F4.arbres-binaires",{"title":473,"path":474,"stem":475},"Graphes","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Fgraphes","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F5.graphes",{"title":477,"path":478,"stem":479,"children":480},"Bases de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F0.index",[481,482,486,490,494],{"title":477,"path":478,"stem":479},{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Le modèle relationnel","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fmodele-relationnel","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F1.modele-relationnel",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Bases de données relationnelles et anomalies de schéma","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fbase-relationnelle","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F2.base-relationnelle",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Le langage SQL","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fsql","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F3.sql",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Les systèmes de gestion de bases de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002Fsgbd","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftb-bases-de-donnees\u002F4.sgbd",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501,"children":502},"Architectures matérielles, systèmes d'exploitation et réseaux","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F0.index",[503,504,508,512,516,520,524,528,532],{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507},"Le système sur puce (SoC)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fsysteme-sur-puce","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F1.systeme-sur-puce",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511},"Processus et ordonnancement par l'OS","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprocessus-os","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F2.processus-os",{"title":513,"path":514,"stem":515},"L'interblocage (deadlock)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Finterblocage","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F3.interblocage",{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519},"Principes du routage","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Froutage-principes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F4.routage-principes",{"title":521,"path":522,"stem":523},"Protocoles de routage RIP et OSPF","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprotocoles-rip-ospf","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F5.protocoles-rip-ospf",{"title":525,"path":526,"stem":527},"Chiffrement symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-symetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F6.chiffrement-symetrique",{"title":529,"path":530,"stem":531},"Chiffrement asymétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-asymetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F7.chiffrement-asymetrique",{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},"HTTPS — l'échange de clé symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fhttps-tls","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F8.https-tls",{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538,"children":539},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[540,541,544,548,552,556],{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538},{"title":403,"path":542,"stem":543},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F1.mise-au-point",{"title":545,"path":546,"stem":547},"Modularité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmodularite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F2.modularite",{"title":549,"path":550,"stem":551},"Récursivité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Frecursivite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F3.recursivite",{"title":553,"path":554,"stem":555},"Paradigmes de programmation","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fparadigmes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F4.paradigmes",{"title":557,"path":558,"stem":559},"Programme comme donnée — calculabilité et indécidabilité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fprogramme-comme-donnee","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F5.programme-comme-donnee",{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562,"children":563},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[564,565,569,573,577,581],{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562},{"title":566,"path":567,"stem":568},"Algorithmes sur les arbres binaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Farbres-binaires-algos","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F1.arbres-binaires-algos",{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"Parcours de graphes — DFS, BFS, cycles, chemins","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fgraphes-parcours","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F2.graphes-parcours",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"Diviser pour régner","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fdiviser-pour-regner","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F3.diviser-pour-regner",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Programmation dynamique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fprogrammation-dynamique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F4.programmation-dynamique",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},"Recherche textuelle — l'algorithme de Boyer-Moore","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Frecherche-textuelle","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F5.recherche-textuelle",{"id":586,"title":133,"bo":587,"body":589,"description":1128,"eval":1129,"extension":1130,"labo":1129,"meta":1131,"navigation":1132,"path":134,"quizzes":1133,"readingTime":1140,"seo":1141,"stem":135,"tp":1129,"__hash__":1142},"cours\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques.md",[588],"SE02",{"type":590,"value":591,"toc":1118},"minimark",[592,597,622,625,629,640,647,650,712,740,744,755,758,802,812,819,823,839,922,932,936,946,979,990,999,1009,1031,1035,1038,1065,1097,1101],[593,594,596],"h2",{"id":595},"introduction","Introduction",[598,599,600,601,605,606,609,610,613,614,617,618,621],"p",{},"Une carte papier IGN au 1\u002F25 000 représente un compromis figé : un éditeur a\nchoisi ce qu'il voulait montrer (relief, sentiers, lignes électriques) et l'a\nimprimé une fois pour toutes. Une ",[602,603,604],"strong",{},"carte numérique"," rompt avec ce\ncompromis : elle est constituée de ",[602,607,608],{},"couches"," que vous pouvez activer ou\nmasquer à volonté, mises à jour en continu, et parfois ",[602,611,612],{},"enrichies par les\nutilisateurs eux-mêmes",". Ce cours vous présente les deux écosystèmes\nfrançais de référence : le ",[602,615,616],{},"GeoPortail"," institutionnel et ",[602,619,620],{},"OpenStreetMap","\ncontributif.",[623,624],"bo-ref",{"code":588},[593,626,628],{"id":627},"une-carte-numérique-cest-une-pile-de-couches","Une carte numérique, c'est une pile de couches",[598,630,631,632,635,636,639],{},"Sur le papier, tout est mélangé : routes, courbes de niveau, noms de\ncommunes, forêts… La force du numérique, c'est de pouvoir ",[602,633,634],{},"séparer les\ninformations"," en couches indépendantes. Une analogie utile : pensez aux\n",[602,637,638],{},"calques"," d'une application de dessin (Procreate, Photoshop, Krita) ou aux\nfiltres empilés d'un appareil photo numérique. Chaque calque porte une\ncatégorie de données ; vous choisissez lesquels empiler et afficher.",[641,642],"illustration",{"alt":643,"kind":644,"src":645,"svg":646},"Empilement de couches d'une carte numérique","schema","\u002Fillustrations\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fcalques-carte.svg","\u003Csvg class=\"illustration-svg\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Pile de quatre calques semi-transparents en perspective qui se superposent pour former une carte : de bas en haut, fond satellite, relief, routes, puis étiquettes. Des flèches verticales indiquent la superposition.\">\n  \u003Ctitle>Empilement des calques d'une carte numérique\u003C\u002Ftitle>\n  \u003Cstyle>\n    .lc-layer { fill: var(--diagram-surface-alt); stroke: var(--diagram-node-border); stroke-width: 1.5; opacity: 0.85; }\n    .lc-label { fill: var(--diagram-text); font-family: Geist, Inter, system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }\n    .lc-num   { fill: var(--diagram-line); font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 1px; }\n    .lc-arrow-line { stroke: var(--diagram-line); stroke-width: 1.5; fill: none; }\n    .lc-arrow-head { fill: var(--diagram-line); }\n    .lc-result { fill: var(--diagram-text); font-family: Geist, Inter, system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; }\n  \u003C\u002Fstyle>\n\n  \u003C!-- Quatre parallélogrammes empilés (perspective isométrique légère).\n       Forme de base : largeur 200, profondeur (décalage) 70.\n       Empilés du bas (y haut) vers le haut, espacés de 56 px verticalement. -->\n\n  \u003C!-- (1) satellite — le plus bas -->\n  \u003Cg>\n    \u003Cpath class=\"lc-layer\" d=\"M 60 248 L 260 248 L 330 206 L 130 206 Z\"\u002F>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"232\" class=\"lc-num\">CALQUE 1\u003C\u002Ftext>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"246\" class=\"lc-label\">satellite\u003C\u002Ftext>\n  \u003C\u002Fg>\n\n  \u003C!-- (2) relief -->\n  \u003Cg>\n    \u003Cpath class=\"lc-layer\" d=\"M 60 192 L 260 192 L 330 150 L 130 150 Z\"\u002F>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"176\" class=\"lc-num\">CALQUE 2\u003C\u002Ftext>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"190\" class=\"lc-label\">relief\u003C\u002Ftext>\n  \u003C\u002Fg>\n\n  \u003C!-- (3) routes -->\n  \u003Cg>\n    \u003Cpath class=\"lc-layer\" d=\"M 60 136 L 260 136 L 330 94 L 130 94 Z\"\u002F>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"120\" class=\"lc-num\">CALQUE 3\u003C\u002Ftext>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"134\" class=\"lc-label\">routes\u003C\u002Ftext>\n  \u003C\u002Fg>\n\n  \u003C!-- (4) étiquettes — le plus haut -->\n  \u003Cg>\n    \u003Cpath class=\"lc-layer\" d=\"M 60 80 L 260 80 L 330 38 L 130 38 Z\"\u002F>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"64\" class=\"lc-num\">CALQUE 4\u003C\u002Ftext>\n    \u003Ctext x=\"118\" y=\"78\" class=\"lc-label\">étiquettes\u003C\u002Ftext>\n  \u003C\u002Fg>\n\n  \u003C!-- flèche de superposition (de bas en haut, à droite de la pile) -->\n  \u003Cpath class=\"lc-arrow-line\" d=\"M 388 250 L 388 60\"\u002F>\n  \u003Cpolygon class=\"lc-arrow-head\" points=\"388,46 382,60 394,60\"\u002F>\n  \u003Ctext x=\"410\" y=\"150\" class=\"lc-result\" transform=\"rotate(-90 410 150)\" text-anchor=\"middle\">superposition\u003C\u002Ftext>\n\u003C\u002Fsvg>\n",[598,648,649],{},"Une carte numérique combine généralement trois grandes familles de couches :",[651,652,653,669],"table",{},[654,655,656],"thead",{},[657,658,659,663,666],"tr",{},[660,661,662],"th",{},"Famille",[660,664,665],{},"Exemples",[660,667,668],{},"Rôle",[670,671,672,686,699],"tbody",{},[657,673,674,680,683],{},[675,676,677],"td",{},[602,678,679],{},"Fond cartographique",[675,681,682],{},"photo aérienne, plan dessiné, relief ombré",[675,684,685],{},"base visuelle",[657,687,688,693,696],{},[675,689,690],{},[602,691,692],{},"Données vectorielles",[675,694,695],{},"routes, bâtiments, frontières, courbes de niveau",[675,697,698],{},"tracés géométriques précis",[657,700,701,706,709],{},[675,702,703],{},[602,704,705],{},"Étiquettes et symboles",[675,707,708],{},"noms de villes, panneaux, icônes de POI",[675,710,711],{},"informations textuelles",[713,714,718,725],"self-eval-qcm",{"correct":715,"explanation":716,"slug":717},"1","C'est la modularité qui fait la force du numérique : chacun compose la carte dont il a besoin (un randonneur n'utilise pas les mêmes couches qu'un cycliste urbain).","cartes-numeriques-c1",[719,720,722],"template",{"v-slot:question":721},"",[598,723,724],{},"Pourquoi sépare-t-on les informations en couches plutôt que de tout dessiner ensemble ?",[719,726,727],{"v-slot:choices":721},[728,729,730,734,737],"ul",{},[731,732,733],"li",{},"Pour économiser de la place de stockage",[731,735,736],{},"Pour que l utilisateur puisse activer ou masquer chaque type d information indépendamment",[731,738,739],{},"Parce que les ordinateurs ne savent pas dessiner sur un seul calque",[593,741,743],{"id":742},"geoportail-la-carte-officielle-française","GeoPortail — la carte officielle française",[598,745,746,747,749,750,754],{},"Le ",[602,748,616],{}," (",[751,752,753],"code",{},"geoportail.gouv.fr",") est le portail cartographique de\nl'IGN (Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière) et de\nplusieurs organismes publics. Il rassemble en un seul endroit des dizaines de\ncouches officielles, mises à jour par les administrations françaises.",[598,756,757],{},"Quelques couches accessibles depuis le sélecteur de gauche :",[728,759,760,766,772,778,784,790,796],{},[731,761,762,765],{},[602,763,764],{},"Cartes IGN"," (la classique « carte de randonnée » au 1\u002F25 000).",[731,767,768,771],{},[602,769,770],{},"Photographies aériennes"," récentes et historiques (jusqu'à 1950, parfois 1920).",[731,773,774,777],{},[602,775,776],{},"Cadastre"," (limites de parcelles, numéros).",[731,779,780,783],{},[602,781,782],{},"Plan IGN"," (plan dessiné moderne).",[731,785,786,789],{},[602,787,788],{},"Réseaux"," électriques, routiers, ferroviaires.",[731,791,792,795],{},[602,793,794],{},"Risques"," : inondations, mouvements de terrain, sismicité.",[731,797,798,801],{},[602,799,800],{},"Environnement"," : zones protégées, parcs nationaux.",[803,804,805],"tip",{},[598,806,807,808,811],{},"GeoPortail est particulièrement précieux pour les ",[602,809,810],{},"données réglementaires\net patrimoniales"," : c'est la source officielle. Le cadastre, par exemple,\nn'a aucun équivalent contributif.",[598,813,814,815,818],{},"L'intérêt majeur pour SNT : GeoPortail laisse comparer une ",[602,816,817],{},"photo aérienne\nde 1950"," avec celle d'aujourd'hui, sur le même endroit. On voit alors\ndisparaître des champs sous des lotissements, ou apparaître des autoroutes au\nmilieu de bocages. Une démonstration parlante du croisement entre données\nnumériques et histoire des territoires.",[593,820,822],{"id":821},"openstreetmap-la-carte-du-monde-par-tout-le-monde","OpenStreetMap — la carte du monde, par tout le monde",[598,824,825,749,827,830,831,834,835,838],{},[602,826,620],{},[751,828,829],{},"openstreetmap.org",", souvent abrégé ",[602,832,833],{},"OSM",") suit une\nlogique radicalement différente : c'est ",[602,836,837],{},"Wikipédia, mais pour les cartes",".\nTout le monde peut éditer, ajouter ou corriger une donnée. Le résultat,\npatiemment construit depuis 2004, est aujourd'hui une cartographie mondiale\nlibre, utilisée par d'innombrables applications (Komoot, OsmAnd, Mapy.cz,\nMaps.me, Wikipedia, et même certains services Apple ou Facebook).",[651,840,841,852],{},[654,842,843],{},[657,844,845,848,850],{},[660,846,847],{},"Propriété",[660,849,616],{},[660,851,620],{},[670,853,854,865,876,887,901,911],{},[657,855,856,859,862],{},[675,857,858],{},"Auteur",[675,860,861],{},"IGN + administrations",[675,863,864],{},"n'importe quel internaute inscrit",[657,866,867,870,873],{},[675,868,869],{},"Couverture",[675,871,872],{},"France principalement",[675,874,875],{},"mondiale",[657,877,878,881,884],{},[675,879,880],{},"Mise à jour",[675,882,883],{},"cycles administratifs",[675,885,886],{},"en continu",[657,888,889,892,895],{},[675,890,891],{},"Licence",[675,893,894],{},"restrictions selon couche",[675,896,897,900],{},[602,898,899],{},"libre"," (ODbL)",[657,902,903,905,908],{},[675,904,776],{},[675,906,907],{},"officiel",[675,909,910],{},"absent",[657,912,913,916,919],{},[675,914,915],{},"Sentiers de randonnée",[675,917,918],{},"parfois incomplets",[675,920,921],{},"très détaillés (effet contributeurs)",[923,924,925],"note",{},[598,926,927,928,931],{},"La ",[602,929,930],{},"licence libre"," d'OSM (ODbL) garantit que les données peuvent être\nréutilisées, modifiées et redistribuées par n'importe qui — y compris à des\nfins commerciales — à la seule condition de citer la source. C'est cette\nliberté qui explique son adoption massive.",[593,933,935],{"id":934},"contribuer-à-openstreetmap","Contribuer à OpenStreetMap",[598,937,938,939,941,942,945],{},"Modifier OSM est plus simple qu'on ne l'imagine. Sur ",[751,940,829],{},",\ncliquez sur ",[602,943,944],{},"Modifier"," : un éditeur en ligne (iD) s'ouvre directement dans\nle navigateur, sans installation. Les actions typiques :",[947,948,949,955,961,967,973],"ol",{},[731,950,951,954],{},[602,952,953],{},"Tracer un bâtiment"," absent (en superposition sur la photo aérienne).",[731,956,957,960],{},[602,958,959],{},"Renommer une rue"," mal orthographiée.",[731,962,963,966],{},[602,964,965],{},"Ajouter un point d'intérêt"," (boulangerie, fontaine, abri-vélo).",[731,968,969,972],{},[602,970,971],{},"Corriger un sens unique",".",[731,974,975,978],{},[602,976,977],{},"Compléter les horaires"," d'un commerce.",[598,980,981,982,985,986,989],{},"Chaque objet OSM est défini par sa ",[602,983,984],{},"géométrie"," (point, ligne, polygone) et\npar des ",[602,987,988],{},"tags"," clé=valeur :",[991,992,997],"pre",{"className":993,"code":995,"language":996,"meta":721},[994],"language-text","Objet : ligne\nGéométrie : suite de points GPS\nTags :\n  highway = residential\n  name = Rue Victor Hugo\n  maxspeed = 30\n  surface = asphalt\n","text",[751,998,995],{"__ignoreMap":721},[1000,1001,1002],"warning",{},[598,1003,1004,1005,1008],{},"Contribuer à OSM engage : vos modifications sont ",[602,1006,1007],{},"publiques, signées de\nvotre pseudonyme, et permanentes",". On ne dessine pas une rue qui n'existe\npas, on ne supprime pas un bâtiment par jeu. Une page wiki de débutant\nencadre les bonnes pratiques.",[713,1010,1013,1018],{"correct":715,"explanation":1011,"slug":1012},"OSM repose sur la confiance et le contrôle communautaire a posteriori — comme Wikipédia. Les erreurs sont corrigées par d'autres contributeurs.","cartes-numeriques-c2",[719,1014,1015],{"v-slot:question":721},[598,1016,1017],{},"Quelle affirmation sur OpenStreetMap est exacte ?",[719,1019,1020],{"v-slot:choices":721},[728,1021,1022,1025,1028],{},[731,1023,1024],{},"Seuls les géographes professionnels peuvent contribuer",[731,1026,1027],{},"N importe quel internaute inscrit peut éditer, et ses modifications sont publiques et permanentes",[731,1029,1030],{},"Les modifications doivent être validées par un comité avant publication",[593,1032,1034],{"id":1033},"quel-outil-pour-quel-besoin","Quel outil pour quel besoin ?",[598,1036,1037],{},"Les deux services sont complémentaires :",[1039,1040,1043],"card",{"icon":1041,"title":1042},"i-lucide-shield-check","Quand choisir GeoPortail",[728,1044,1045,1052,1059],{},[731,1046,1047,1048,1051],{},"Besoin de ",[602,1049,1050],{},"données officielles"," (cadastre, risques, urbanisme).",[731,1053,1054,1055,1058],{},"Comparaison ",[602,1056,1057],{},"historique"," (photos aériennes anciennes).",[731,1060,1061,1062,972],{},"Travail scolaire ou administratif nécessitant une ",[602,1063,1064],{},"source institutionnelle",[1039,1066,1069],{"icon":1067,"title":1068},"i-lucide-users","Quand choisir OpenStreetMap",[728,1070,1071,1077,1083,1090],{},[731,1072,1047,1073,1076],{},[602,1074,1075],{},"détails locaux fins"," (commerces, sentiers, équipements urbains).",[731,1078,1079,1080,972],{},"Couverture ",[602,1081,1082],{},"hors France",[731,1084,1085,1086,1089],{},"Usage dans une application qui doit ",[602,1087,1088],{},"réutiliser librement"," la donnée.",[731,1091,1092,1093,1096],{},"Envie de ",[602,1094,1095],{},"contribuer"," au commun numérique.",[593,1098,1100],{"id":1099},"pour-aller-plus-loin","Pour aller plus loin",[598,1102,1103,1104,1107,1108,749,1111,1114,1115,972],{},"Au-delà de l'affichage, une carte numérique permet des ",[602,1105,1106],{},"requêtes spatiales"," :\n« tous les arrêts de bus dans un rayon de 300 m », « toutes les écoles d'une\ncommune », « tous les chemins traversant une forêt ». L'outil ",[602,1109,1110],{},"Overpass\nTurbo",[751,1112,1113],{},"overpass-turbo.eu",") permet d'interroger OpenStreetMap dans ce style,\navec des résultats parfois étonnants. Vous croiserez ces idées de requête sur\ndonnées structurées dans le chapitre sur ",[602,1116,1117],{},"les données et leur traitement",{"title":721,"searchDepth":1119,"depth":1119,"links":1120},2,[1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126,1127],{"id":595,"depth":1119,"text":596},{"id":627,"depth":1119,"text":628},{"id":742,"depth":1119,"text":743},{"id":821,"depth":1119,"text":822},{"id":934,"depth":1119,"text":935},{"id":1033,"depth":1119,"text":1034},{"id":1099,"depth":1119,"text":1100},"Comment une carte interactive se compose de couches, et ce que change l'idée d'une cartographie collaborative.",null,"md",{},true,[1134,1138],{"slug":717,"kind":1135,"question":724,"choices":1136,"correct":715,"multi":1137,"explanation":716},"qcm",[733,736,739],false,{"slug":1012,"kind":1135,"question":1017,"choices":1139,"correct":715,"multi":1137,"explanation":1011},[1024,1027,1030],1,{"title":133,"description":1128},"yDtNLcvYlIkyozv_h7_WQBEadFfLzG8-m9YCNG9QZNM",{"id":1144,"title":1145,"bo":1146,"body":1147,"description":1331,"eval":1129,"extension":1130,"labo":1129,"meta":1332,"navigation":1137,"path":1333,"quizzes":1334,"readingTime":1140,"seo":1335,"stem":1336,"tp":1129,"__hash__":1337},"coursMemo\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques.memo.md","Cartes numériques — l'essentiel",[588],{"type":590,"value":1148,"toc":1324},[1149,1153,1166,1170,1207,1211,1271,1275,1289,1293],[593,1150,1152],{"id":1151},"en-une-phrase","En une phrase",[598,1154,1155,1156,1159,1160,1162,1163,1165],{},"Une carte numérique est une ",[602,1157,1158],{},"pile de couches activables"," ; ",[602,1161,616],{},"\nest la carte officielle française, ",[602,1164,620],{}," est la carte mondiale\ncontributive sous licence libre.",[593,1167,1169],{"id":1168},"à-mémoriser","À mémoriser",[728,1171,1172,1185,1190,1195,1204],{},[731,1173,1174,1175,1178,1179,1178,1182,972],{},"Trois familles de couches : ",[602,1176,1177],{},"fond cartographique",", ",[602,1180,1181],{},"données vectorielles",[602,1183,1184],{},"étiquettes",[731,1186,1187,1189],{},[602,1188,616],{}," (IGN) : données officielles françaises, cadastre, photos\naériennes historiques.",[731,1191,1192,1194],{},[602,1193,620],{}," (OSM) : contributif, mondial, libre (licence ODbL).",[731,1196,1197,1198,1200,1201,1203],{},"Un objet OSM = ",[602,1199,984],{}," (point\u002Fligne\u002Fpolygone) + ",[602,1202,988],{}," clé=valeur.",[731,1205,1206],{},"Tout internaute inscrit peut éditer OSM ; les modifications sont publiques\net permanentes.",[593,1208,1210],{"id":1209},"à-savoir-reconnaître","À savoir reconnaître",[651,1212,1213,1223],{},[654,1214,1215],{},[657,1216,1217,1220],{},[660,1218,1219],{},"Besoin",[660,1221,1222],{},"Outil pertinent",[670,1224,1225,1234,1243,1252,1261],{},[657,1226,1227,1230],{},[675,1228,1229],{},"Cadastre, urbanisme, risques",[675,1231,1232],{},[602,1233,616],{},[657,1235,1236,1239],{},[675,1237,1238],{},"Photos aériennes anciennes",[675,1240,1241],{},[602,1242,616],{},[657,1244,1245,1248],{},[675,1246,1247],{},"Détails locaux fins (POI, sentiers)",[675,1249,1250],{},[602,1251,833],{},[657,1253,1254,1257],{},[675,1255,1256],{},"Couverture hors France",[675,1258,1259],{},[602,1260,833],{},[657,1262,1263,1266],{},[675,1264,1265],{},"Réutilisation libre dans une app",[675,1267,1268,1270],{},[602,1269,833],{}," (licence ODbL)",[593,1272,1274],{"id":1273},"pièges-courants","Pièges courants",[728,1276,1277,1280,1286],{},[731,1278,1279],{},"Confondre fond satellite (image brute) et carte vectorielle (tracés).",[731,1281,1282,1283,972],{},"Croire qu'OSM est validé par un comité — c'est un contrôle ",[602,1284,1285],{},"communautaire\na posteriori",[731,1287,1288],{},"Considérer OSM comme « non sérieux » : c'est la base cartographique\nd'innombrables services pros.",[593,1290,1292],{"id":1291},"vocabulaire-à-savoir","Vocabulaire à savoir",[728,1294,1295,1301,1307,1313],{},[731,1296,1297,1300],{},[602,1298,1299],{},"Couche"," : ensemble d'informations cohérent, superposable.",[731,1302,1303,1306],{},[602,1304,1305],{},"Tag"," : paire clé=valeur qui qualifie un objet OSM.",[731,1308,1309,1312],{},[602,1310,1311],{},"Licence libre"," : autorise réutilisation, modification, redistribution.",[731,1314,1315,1318,1319,1323],{},[602,1316,1317],{},"ODbL"," : ",[1320,1321,1322],"em",{},"Open Database License",", la licence d'OpenStreetMap.",{"title":721,"searchDepth":1119,"depth":1119,"links":1325},[1326,1327,1328,1329,1330],{"id":1151,"depth":1119,"text":1152},{"id":1168,"depth":1119,"text":1169},{"id":1209,"depth":1119,"text":1210},{"id":1273,"depth":1119,"text":1274},{"id":1291,"depth":1119,"text":1292},"Mémo de révision sur GeoPortail et OpenStreetMap.",{},"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fcartes-numeriques.memo",[],{"title":1145,"description":1331},"0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques.memo","nzydcvznP3-e788xvnTAwTcgWUfAeYpzxnlI_lFuLAQ",{"id":1339,"title":1340,"body":1341,"description":1612,"extension":1130,"meta":1613,"navigation":1137,"path":1614,"seo":1615,"stem":1616,"__hash__":1617},"coursSlides\u002F0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques.slides.md","Cartes numériques — diapositives",{"type":590,"value":1342,"toc":1610},[1343,1348,1351,1354,1358,1361,1381,1384,1386,1390,1394,1421,1423,1427,1431,1454,1456,1460,1465,1472,1474,1478,1542,1548,1550,1554,1563,1566,1580,1586,1588,1592],[1344,1345,1347],"h1",{"id":1346},"cartes-numériques","Cartes numériques",[598,1349,1350],{},"GeoPortail, OpenStreetMap : deux modèles, un même monde à cartographier.",[1352,1353],"hr",{},[1344,1355,1357],{"id":1356},"une-carte-des-couches","Une carte = des couches",[641,1359],{"alt":1360,"kind":644,"src":645,"svg":646},"Empilement de couches",[728,1362,1363,1369,1375],{},[731,1364,1365,1368],{},[602,1366,1367],{},"Fond"," : satellite, plan, relief",[731,1370,1371,1374],{},[602,1372,1373],{},"Vectoriel"," : routes, bâtiments, frontières",[731,1376,1377,1380],{},[602,1378,1379],{},"Étiquettes"," : noms, symboles, POI",[598,1382,1383],{},"Chaque couche s'active ou se masque indépendamment.",[1352,1385],{},[1344,1387,1389],{"id":1388},"geoportail-la-carte-officielle","GeoPortail — la carte officielle",[598,1391,1392],{},[751,1393,753],{},[728,1395,1396,1403,1410,1415],{},[731,1397,1398,1399,1402],{},"Édité par ",[602,1400,1401],{},"l'IGN"," + administrations",[731,1404,1405,1406,1409],{},"Données ",[602,1407,1408],{},"officielles"," françaises",[731,1411,1412,1414],{},[602,1413,776],{},", plans d'urbanisme, risques",[731,1416,1417,1420],{},[602,1418,1419],{},"Photos aériennes"," depuis 1950",[1352,1422],{},[1344,1424,1426],{"id":1425},"openstreetmap-la-carte-de-tout-le-monde","OpenStreetMap — la carte de tout le monde",[598,1428,1429],{},[751,1430,829],{},[728,1432,1433,1439,1447,1452],{},[731,1434,1435,1436],{},"Édité ",[602,1437,1438],{},"par n'importe quel internaute",[731,1440,1079,1441,1443,1444],{},[602,1442,875],{},", mise à jour ",[602,1445,1446],{},"continue",[731,1448,1449,1450,900],{},"Licence ",[602,1451,899],{},[731,1453,837],{},[1352,1455],{},[1344,1457,1459],{"id":1458},"anatomie-dun-objet-osm","Anatomie d'un objet OSM",[991,1461,1463],{"className":1462,"code":995,"language":996,"meta":721},[994],[751,1464,995],{"__ignoreMap":721},[598,1466,1467,1468,1471],{},"Géométrie ",[602,1469,1470],{},"+"," tags clé=valeur.",[1352,1473],{},[1344,1475,1477],{"id":1476},"geoportail-vs-openstreetmap","GeoPortail vs OpenStreetMap",[651,1479,1480,1490],{},[654,1481,1482],{},[657,1483,1484,1486,1488],{},[660,1485],{},[660,1487,616],{},[660,1489,833],{},[670,1491,1492,1502,1512,1521,1532],{},[657,1493,1494,1496,1499],{},[675,1495,858],{},[675,1497,1498],{},"IGN",[675,1500,1501],{},"tout le monde",[657,1503,1504,1506,1509],{},[675,1505,869],{},[675,1507,1508],{},"France",[675,1510,1511],{},"monde",[657,1513,1514,1516,1519],{},[675,1515,880],{},[675,1517,1518],{},"cycles",[675,1520,1446],{},[657,1522,1523,1525,1528],{},[675,1524,891],{},[675,1526,1527],{},"restreinte",[675,1529,1530],{},[602,1531,899],{},[657,1533,1534,1536,1539],{},[675,1535,776],{},[675,1537,1538],{},"oui",[675,1540,1541],{},"non",[598,1543,1544,1545,972],{},"Outils ",[602,1546,1547],{},"complémentaires",[1352,1549],{},[1344,1551,1553],{"id":1552},"contribuer-à-osm","Contribuer à OSM",[598,1555,1556,1557,1559,1560,1562],{},"Sur ",[751,1558,829],{}," → ",[602,1561,944],{}," → éditeur iD en ligne.",[598,1564,1565],{},"Actions classiques :",[728,1567,1568,1571,1574,1577],{},[731,1569,1570],{},"tracer un bâtiment absent",[731,1572,1573],{},"corriger un nom de rue",[731,1575,1576],{},"ajouter un point d'intérêt (boulangerie, fontaine)",[731,1578,1579],{},"compléter des horaires",[598,1581,1582,1583,972],{},"Les modifications sont ",[602,1584,1585],{},"publiques et permanentes",[1352,1587],{},[1344,1589,1591],{"id":1590},"à-retenir","À retenir",[598,1593,1594,1595,1598,1599,1602,1603,1605,1606,1609],{},"Une carte numérique est ",[602,1596,1597],{},"modulaire"," et ",[602,1600,1601],{},"vivante",".\nGeoPortail garantit l'",[602,1604,907],{}," ; OSM garantit le ",[602,1607,1608],{},"commun",".\nVous pouvez contribuer aux deux à votre échelle.",{"title":721,"searchDepth":1119,"depth":1119,"links":1611},[],"Deck projetable pour la séance sur GeoPortail et OpenStreetMap.",{},"\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fcartes-numeriques.slides",{"title":1340,"description":1612},"0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques.slides","AvgyIjGuBoNtYe_Dh-uSJqUB036uEFtSHkavg17JDhY",{"id":1144,"title":1145,"bo":1619,"body":1620,"description":1331,"eval":1129,"extension":1130,"labo":1129,"meta":1755,"navigation":1137,"path":1333,"quizzes":1756,"readingTime":1140,"seo":1757,"stem":1336,"tp":1129,"__hash__":1337},[588],{"type":590,"value":1621,"toc":1748},[1622,1624,1632,1634,1660,1662,1714,1716,1726,1728],[593,1623,1152],{"id":1151},[598,1625,1155,1626,1159,1628,1162,1630,1165],{},[602,1627,1158],{},[602,1629,616],{},[602,1631,620],{},[593,1633,1169],{"id":1168},[728,1635,1636,1644,1648,1652,1658],{},[731,1637,1174,1638,1178,1640,1178,1642,972],{},[602,1639,1177],{},[602,1641,1181],{},[602,1643,1184],{},[731,1645,1646,1189],{},[602,1647,616],{},[731,1649,1650,1194],{},[602,1651,620],{},[731,1653,1197,1654,1200,1656,1203],{},[602,1655,984],{},[602,1657,988],{},[731,1659,1206],{},[593,1661,1210],{"id":1209},[651,1663,1664,1672],{},[654,1665,1666],{},[657,1667,1668,1670],{},[660,1669,1219],{},[660,1671,1222],{},[670,1673,1674,1682,1690,1698,1706],{},[657,1675,1676,1678],{},[675,1677,1229],{},[675,1679,1680],{},[602,1681,616],{},[657,1683,1684,1686],{},[675,1685,1238],{},[675,1687,1688],{},[602,1689,616],{},[657,1691,1692,1694],{},[675,1693,1247],{},[675,1695,1696],{},[602,1697,833],{},[657,1699,1700,1702],{},[675,1701,1256],{},[675,1703,1704],{},[602,1705,833],{},[657,1707,1708,1710],{},[675,1709,1265],{},[675,1711,1712,1270],{},[602,1713,833],{},[593,1715,1274],{"id":1273},[728,1717,1718,1720,1724],{},[731,1719,1279],{},[731,1721,1282,1722,972],{},[602,1723,1285],{},[731,1725,1288],{},[593,1727,1292],{"id":1291},[728,1729,1730,1734,1738,1742],{},[731,1731,1732,1300],{},[602,1733,1299],{},[731,1735,1736,1306],{},[602,1737,1305],{},[731,1739,1740,1312],{},[602,1741,1311],{},[731,1743,1744,1318,1746,1323],{},[602,1745,1317],{},[1320,1747,1322],{},{"title":721,"searchDepth":1119,"depth":1119,"links":1749},[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754],{"id":1151,"depth":1119,"text":1152},{"id":1168,"depth":1119,"text":1169},{"id":1209,"depth":1119,"text":1210},{"id":1273,"depth":1119,"text":1274},{"id":1291,"depth":1119,"text":1292},{},[],{"title":1145,"description":1331},{"id":1339,"title":1340,"body":1759,"description":1612,"extension":1130,"meta":1958,"navigation":1137,"path":1614,"seo":1959,"stem":1616,"__hash__":1617},{"type":590,"value":1760,"toc":1956},[1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1785,1787,1789,1791,1795,1813,1815,1817,1821,1839,1841,1843,1848,1852,1854,1856,1912,1916,1918,1920,1926,1928,1938,1942,1944,1946],[1344,1762,1347],{"id":1346},[598,1764,1350],{},[1352,1766],{},[1344,1768,1357],{"id":1356},[641,1770],{"alt":1360,"kind":644,"src":645,"svg":646},[728,1772,1773,1777,1781],{},[731,1774,1775,1368],{},[602,1776,1367],{},[731,1778,1779,1374],{},[602,1780,1373],{},[731,1782,1783,1380],{},[602,1784,1379],{},[598,1786,1383],{},[1352,1788],{},[1344,1790,1389],{"id":1388},[598,1792,1793],{},[751,1794,753],{},[728,1796,1797,1801,1805,1809],{},[731,1798,1398,1799,1402],{},[602,1800,1401],{},[731,1802,1405,1803,1409],{},[602,1804,1408],{},[731,1806,1807,1414],{},[602,1808,776],{},[731,1810,1811,1420],{},[602,1812,1419],{},[1352,1814],{},[1344,1816,1426],{"id":1425},[598,1818,1819],{},[751,1820,829],{},[728,1822,1823,1827,1833,1837],{},[731,1824,1435,1825],{},[602,1826,1438],{},[731,1828,1079,1829,1443,1831],{},[602,1830,875],{},[602,1832,1446],{},[731,1834,1449,1835,900],{},[602,1836,899],{},[731,1838,837],{},[1352,1840],{},[1344,1842,1459],{"id":1458},[991,1844,1846],{"className":1845,"code":995,"language":996,"meta":721},[994],[751,1847,995],{"__ignoreMap":721},[598,1849,1467,1850,1471],{},[602,1851,1470],{},[1352,1853],{},[1344,1855,1477],{"id":1476},[651,1857,1858,1868],{},[654,1859,1860],{},[657,1861,1862,1864,1866],{},[660,1863],{},[660,1865,616],{},[660,1867,833],{},[670,1869,1870,1878,1886,1894,1904],{},[657,1871,1872,1874,1876],{},[675,1873,858],{},[675,1875,1498],{},[675,1877,1501],{},[657,1879,1880,1882,1884],{},[675,1881,869],{},[675,1883,1508],{},[675,1885,1511],{},[657,1887,1888,1890,1892],{},[675,1889,880],{},[675,1891,1518],{},[675,1893,1446],{},[657,1895,1896,1898,1900],{},[675,1897,891],{},[675,1899,1527],{},[675,1901,1902],{},[602,1903,899],{},[657,1905,1906,1908,1910],{},[675,1907,776],{},[675,1909,1538],{},[675,1911,1541],{},[598,1913,1544,1914,972],{},[602,1915,1547],{},[1352,1917],{},[1344,1919,1553],{"id":1552},[598,1921,1556,1922,1559,1924,1562],{},[751,1923,829],{},[602,1925,944],{},[598,1927,1565],{},[728,1929,1930,1932,1934,1936],{},[731,1931,1570],{},[731,1933,1573],{},[731,1935,1576],{},[731,1937,1579],{},[598,1939,1582,1940,972],{},[602,1941,1585],{},[1352,1943],{},[1344,1945,1591],{"id":1590},[598,1947,1594,1948,1598,1950,1602,1952,1605,1954,1609],{},[602,1949,1597],{},[602,1951,1601],{},[602,1953,907],{},[602,1955,1608],{},{"title":721,"searchDepth":1119,"depth":1119,"links":1957},[],{},{"title":1340,"description":1612},1788035574824]