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tables","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Ftraitement-tables","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F4.traitement-tables",{"title":115,"path":116,"stem":117},"Le cloud","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002Fcloud","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsd-donnees-structurees\u002F5.cloud",{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121,"children":122},"Localisation, cartographie et mobilité","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F0.index",[123,124,128,132,136,140],{"title":119,"path":120,"stem":121},{"title":125,"path":126,"stem":127},"GPS et Galileo — se situer grâce aux satellites","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fgps-galileo","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F1.gps-galileo",{"title":129,"path":130,"stem":131},"Décoder une trame NMEA","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Ftrame-nmea","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F2.trame-nmea",{"title":133,"path":134,"stem":135},"Cartes numériques — GeoPortail et OpenStreetMap","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fcartes-numeriques","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F3.cartes-numeriques",{"title":137,"path":138,"stem":139},"Itinéraires et graphes","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fitineraires-graphes","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F4.itineraires-graphes",{"title":141,"path":142,"stem":143},"Confidentialité de la position","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002Fconfidentialite-position","0.snt-2nde\u002Fse-localisation-cartographie\u002F5.confidentialite-position",{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147,"children":148},"Informatique embarquée et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F0.index",[149,150,154,158],{"title":145,"path":146,"stem":147},{"title":151,"path":152,"stem":153},"Systèmes informatiques embarqués","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fsystemes-embarques","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F1.systemes-embarques",{"title":155,"path":156,"stem":157},"Capteurs et actionneurs","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fcapteurs-actionneurs","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F2.capteurs-actionneurs",{"title":159,"path":160,"stem":161},"IHM et objets connectés","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002Fihm-objet-connecte","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsf-info-embarquee\u002F3.ihm-objet-connecte",{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165,"children":166},"Photographie numérique","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F0.index",[167,168,172,176,180],{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165},{"title":169,"path":170,"stem":171},"Photosites, pixels et résolution","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fpixels-resolution","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F1.pixels-resolution",{"title":173,"path":174,"stem":175},"Les algorithmes de l'appareil photo","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Falgorithmes-photo","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F2.algorithmes-photo",{"title":177,"path":178,"stem":179},"Les métadonnées EXIF","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Fmetadonnees-exif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F3.metadonnees-exif",{"title":181,"path":182,"stem":183},"Traiter une image en Python","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002Ftraitement-rgb","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsg-photo-numerique\u002F4.traitement-rgb",{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187,"children":188},"Notions transversales de programmation","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F0.index",[189,190,194,198,202],{"title":185,"path":186,"stem":187},{"title":191,"path":192,"stem":193},"Séquences d'instructions et variables","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fsequences-affectations","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F1.sequences-affectations",{"title":195,"path":196,"stem":197},"Instructions conditionnelles","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fconditionnelles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F2.conditionnelles",{"title":199,"path":200,"stem":201},"Boucles bornées et non bornées","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Fboucles","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F3.boucles",{"title":203,"path":204,"stem":205},"Définitions et appels de fonctions","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002Ffonctions","0.snt-2nde\u002Fsh-prog-notions\u002F4.fonctions",{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209,"children":210},"Démo des widgets MDC","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F0.index",[211,212,216,220],{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209},{"title":213,"path":214,"stem":215},"Démo statique — callouts, code, BO, illustration","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fstatique","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F1.statique",{"title":217,"path":218,"stem":219},"Démo interactive — self-eval et python-snippet","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Finteractif","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F2.interactif",{"title":221,"path":222,"stem":223},"Démo · 14 widgets de manipulation NSI","\u002Fsnt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002Fwidgets-manipulation","0.snt-2nde\u002Fzz-demo-widgets\u002F3.widgets-manipulation",{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227,"children":228},"NSI — Première","\u002Fnsi-1ere","1.nsi-1ere\u002F0.index",[229,230,234,256,282,304,328,354,380,410],{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227},{"title":231,"path":232,"stem":233},"Relecture pédagogique — 8 chapitres NSI 1ère (PA → PH)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Freview","1.nsi-1ere\u002FREVIEW",{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237,"children":238},"Histoire de l'informatique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F0.index",[239,240,244,248,252],{"title":235,"path":236,"stem":237},{"title":241,"path":242,"stem":243},"De la préantiquité aux machines à calculer","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fpreantiquite-aux-machines","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F1.preantiquite-aux-machines",{"title":245,"path":246,"stem":247},"La machine universelle (1930-1950)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fmachine-universelle","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F2.machine-universelle",{"title":249,"path":250,"stem":251},"Les ordinateurs modernes (1947-1990)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Fordinateurs-modernes","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F3.ordinateurs-modernes",{"title":253,"path":254,"stem":255},"Réseaux, Web et IA (1969 à aujourd'hui)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002Freseaux-et-web","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpa-histoire-info\u002F4.reseaux-et-web",{"title":257,"path":258,"stem":259,"children":260},"Représentation des données — types et valeurs","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F0.index",[261,262,266,270,274,278],{"title":257,"path":258,"stem":259},{"title":263,"path":264,"stem":265},"Bases de numération et entiers positifs","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fbases-entiers-positifs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F1.bases-entiers-positifs",{"title":267,"path":268,"stem":269},"Entiers relatifs et complément à deux","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002Fentiers-relatifs","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpb-types-valeurs\u002F2.entiers-relatifs",{"title":271,"path":272,"stem":273},"Nombres flottants et virgule 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compréhension","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fcomprehension","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F2.comprehension",{"title":297,"path":298,"stem":299},"Tuples et p-uplets nommés","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Ftuples","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F3.tuples",{"title":301,"path":302,"stem":303},"Dictionnaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002Fdictionnaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpc-types-construits\u002F4.dictionnaires",{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307,"children":308},"Traitement de données en tables","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F0.index",[309,310,314,318,322],{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307},{"title":311,"path":312,"stem":313},"Tables et CSV","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftables-csv","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F1.tables-csv",{"title":315,"path":316,"stem":317},"Recherche et filtrage","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Frecherche","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F2.recherche",{"title":319,"path":320,"stem":321},"Trier une table","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ftri","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F3.tri",{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325,"children":326},"Fusion et indexation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002Ffusion-indexation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpd-tables-donnees\u002F4.fusion-indexation",[327],{"title":323,"path":324,"stem":325},{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331,"children":332},"IHM sur le Web","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F0.index",[333,334,338,342,346,350],{"title":329,"path":330,"stem":331},{"title":335,"path":336,"stem":337},"HTML et CSS — rappel de structure","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fhtml-css-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F1.html-css-bases",{"title":339,"path":340,"stem":341},"Formulaires HTML","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fformulaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F2.formulaires",{"title":343,"path":344,"stem":345},"Événements JavaScript","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fevenements-js","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F3.evenements-js",{"title":347,"path":348,"stem":349},"Manipulation du DOM","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fdom-interaction","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F4.dom-interaction",{"title":351,"path":352,"stem":353},"Client, serveur et HTTP","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002Fclient-serveur-http","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpe-ihm-web\u002F5.client-serveur-http",{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357,"children":358},"Architectures matérielles et systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F0.index",[359,360,364,368,372,376],{"title":355,"path":356,"stem":357},{"title":361,"path":362,"stem":363},"Le modèle de von Neumann","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fvon-neumann","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F1.von-neumann",{"title":365,"path":366,"stem":367},"Périphériques et interface homme-machine","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fperipheriques-ihm","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F2.peripheriques-ihm",{"title":369,"path":370,"stem":371},"Les systèmes d'exploitation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fsystemes-exploitation","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation",{"title":373,"path":374,"stem":375},"Linux et le shell","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Flinux-shell","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F4.linux-shell",{"title":377,"path":378,"stem":379},"Réseaux et protocoles","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Freseaux","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F5.reseaux",{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383,"children":384},"Langages et programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[385,386,390,394,398,402,406],{"title":381,"path":382,"stem":383},{"title":387,"path":388,"stem":389},"Diversité et unité des langages de programmation","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fdiversite-langages","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F1.diversite-langages",{"title":391,"path":392,"stem":393},"Constructions élémentaires","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fconstructions-elementaires","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F2.constructions-elementaires",{"title":395,"path":396,"stem":397},"Fonctions","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Ffonctions","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F3.fonctions",{"title":399,"path":400,"stem":401},"Spécification d'une fonction","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fspecification","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F4.specification",{"title":403,"path":404,"stem":405},"Mise au point des programmes","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F5.mise-au-point",{"title":407,"path":408,"stem":409},"Utilisation de bibliothèques","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002Fbibliotheques","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpg-langages-prog\u002F6.bibliotheques",{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413,"children":414},"Algorithmique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[415,416,420,424,428,432,436],{"title":411,"path":412,"stem":413},{"title":417,"path":418,"stem":419},"Parcours séquentiel d'un tableau","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fparcours-sequentiel","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F1.parcours-sequentiel",{"title":421,"path":422,"stem":423},"Bases de la complexité","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fcomplexite-bases","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F2.complexite-bases",{"title":425,"path":426,"stem":427},"Tris par sélection et par insertion","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Ftris","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F3.tris",{"title":429,"path":430,"stem":431},"Recherche dichotomique","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fdichotomie","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F4.dichotomie",{"title":433,"path":434,"stem":435},"Algorithmes gloutons","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fgloutons","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F5.gloutons",{"title":437,"path":438,"stem":439},"Les k plus proches voisins (k-NN)","\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002Fknn","1.nsi-1ere\u002Fph-algorithmique\u002F6.knn",{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443,"children":444},"NSI — Terminale","\u002Fnsi-tale","2.nsi-tale\u002F0.index",[445,446,450,476,498,536,560],{"title":441,"path":442,"stem":443},{"title":447,"path":448,"stem":449},"Review pédagogique — chapitres NSI Terminale (TA, TB, TC, TD, TE)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Freview","2.nsi-tale\u002FREVIEW",{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453,"children":454},"Structures de données","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F0.index",[455,456,460,464,468,472],{"title":451,"path":452,"stem":453},{"title":457,"path":458,"stem":459},"Objet, classe, interface","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Finterface-implementation","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F1.interface-implementation",{"title":461,"path":462,"stem":463},"Implémenter une structure — l'exemple de la file FIFO","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002Fimplementer-une-structure","2.nsi-tale\u002Fta-structures-donnees\u002F2.implementer-une-structure",{"title":465,"path":466,"stem":467},"Listes, piles, files, 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ordonnancement par l'OS","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprocessus-os","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F2.processus-os",{"title":513,"path":514,"stem":515},"L'interblocage (deadlock)","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Finterblocage","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F3.interblocage",{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519},"Principes du routage","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Froutage-principes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F4.routage-principes",{"title":521,"path":522,"stem":523},"Protocoles de routage RIP et OSPF","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fprotocoles-rip-ospf","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F5.protocoles-rip-ospf",{"title":525,"path":526,"stem":527},"Chiffrement symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-symetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F6.chiffrement-symetrique",{"title":529,"path":530,"stem":531},"Chiffrement asymétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fchiffrement-asymetrique","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F7.chiffrement-asymetrique",{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},"HTTPS — l'échange de clé symétrique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002Fhttps-tls","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftc-archi-os-reseaux\u002F8.https-tls",{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538,"children":539},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F0.index",[540,541,544,548,552,556],{"title":381,"path":537,"stem":538},{"title":403,"path":542,"stem":543},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmise-au-point","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F1.mise-au-point",{"title":545,"path":546,"stem":547},"Modularité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fmodularite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F2.modularite",{"title":549,"path":550,"stem":551},"Récursivité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Frecursivite","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F3.recursivite",{"title":553,"path":554,"stem":555},"Paradigmes de programmation","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fparadigmes","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F4.paradigmes",{"title":557,"path":558,"stem":559},"Programme comme donnée — calculabilité et indécidabilité","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002Fprogramme-comme-donnee","2.nsi-tale\u002Ftd-langages-prog\u002F5.programme-comme-donnee",{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562,"children":563},"\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F0.index",[564,565,569,573,577,581],{"title":411,"path":561,"stem":562},{"title":566,"path":567,"stem":568},"Algorithmes sur les arbres binaires","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Farbres-binaires-algos","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F1.arbres-binaires-algos",{"title":570,"path":571,"stem":572},"Parcours de graphes — DFS, BFS, cycles, chemins","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fgraphes-parcours","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F2.graphes-parcours",{"title":574,"path":575,"stem":576},"Diviser pour régner","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fdiviser-pour-regner","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F3.diviser-pour-regner",{"title":578,"path":579,"stem":580},"Programmation dynamique","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Fprogrammation-dynamique","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F4.programmation-dynamique",{"title":582,"path":583,"stem":584},"Recherche textuelle — l'algorithme de Boyer-Moore","\u002Fnsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002Frecherche-textuelle","2.nsi-tale\u002Fte-algorithmique\u002F5.recherche-textuelle",{"id":586,"title":369,"bo":587,"body":589,"description":1178,"eval":1179,"extension":1180,"labo":1179,"meta":1181,"navigation":1182,"path":370,"quizzes":1183,"readingTime":1191,"seo":1192,"stem":371,"tp":1179,"__hash__":1193},"cours\u002F1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation.md",[588],"PF03",{"type":590,"value":591,"toc":1167},"minimark",[592,597,618,622,629,699,720,727,731,738,741,777,784,809,813,820,831,846,868,872,888,897,912,916,927,1006,1013,1019,1026,1055,1072,1096,1100,1103,1146,1153,1157],[593,594,596],"h2",{"id":595},"introduction","Introduction",[598,599,600,601,605,606,609,610,614,615],"p",{},"Quand vous appuyez sur le bouton d'allumage de votre ordinateur, un\n",[602,603,604],"strong",{},"programme particulier"," se charge en mémoire avant tous les autres. Ce\nprogramme ne disparaît jamais tant que la machine est allumée : c'est le\n",[602,607,608],{},"système d'exploitation"," (OS pour ",[611,612,613],"em",{},"operating system","). Linux, Windows,\nmacOS, Android, iOS — ce sont tous des systèmes d'exploitation. Sans lui,\nvotre machine ne saurait ni lire le disque, ni afficher l'écran, ni faire\ntourner deux programmes en même temps. ",[616,617],"bo-ref",{"code":588},[593,619,621],{"id":620},"le-rôle-dun-système-dexploitation","Le rôle d'un système d'exploitation",[598,623,624,625,628],{},"Un OS est un ",[602,626,627],{},"chef d'orchestre",". Il gère cinq grandes responsabilités.",[630,631,632,645],"table",{},[633,634,635],"thead",{},[636,637,638,642],"tr",{},[639,640,641],"th",{},"Responsabilité",[639,643,644],{},"Concrètement",[646,647,648,659,669,679,689],"tbody",{},[636,649,650,656],{},[651,652,653],"td",{},[602,654,655],{},"Gestion du CPU",[651,657,658],{},"Décider quel programme exécute des instructions, et pendant combien de temps.",[636,660,661,666],{},[651,662,663],{},[602,664,665],{},"Gestion de la mémoire",[651,667,668],{},"Attribuer de la RAM aux programmes, isoler leurs espaces.",[636,670,671,676],{},[651,672,673],{},[602,674,675],{},"Gestion des fichiers",[651,677,678],{},"Organiser le disque en arborescence, lire et écrire.",[636,680,681,686],{},[651,682,683],{},[602,684,685],{},"Gestion des périphériques",[651,687,688],{},"Dialoguer avec les pilotes (clavier, écran, imprimante, réseau).",[636,690,691,696],{},[651,692,693],{},[602,694,695],{},"Gestion des utilisateurs et des droits",[651,697,698],{},"Authentifier, autoriser ou refuser les accès.",[700,701,702],"note",{},[598,703,704,707,708,711,712,715,716,719],{},[602,705,706],{},"Définition à retenir"," : un système d'exploitation est un ",[602,709,710],{},"programme"," qui\n",[602,713,714],{},"masque la complexité matérielle"," aux autres programmes et ",[602,717,718],{},"partage les\nressources"," de la machine entre les utilisateurs et les applications.",[721,722],"illustration",{"alt":723,"kind":724,"src":725,"svg":726},"Couches d'un système d'exploitation","mermaid","\u002Fillustrations\u002F1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fcouches-os.svg","\u003Csvg id=\"ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-couches-os\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" class=\"illustration-svg flowchart\" viewBox=\"0 0 231.359375 438\" role=\"graphics-document document\" 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font-weight=\"normal\">appels\u003C\u002Ftspan>\u003Ctspan font-style=\"normal\" class=\"text-inner-tspan\" font-weight=\"normal\"> système\u003C\u002Ftspan>\u003C\u002Ftspan>\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg class=\"edgeLabel\">\u003Cg class=\"label\" data-id=\"L_SRV_NOYAU_0\" transform=\"translate(0, 0)\">\u003Ctext y=\"-10.1\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u003Ctspan class=\"text-outer-tspan row\" x=\"0\" y=\"-0.1em\" dy=\"1.1em\" text-anchor=\"middle\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg>\u003Crect class=\"background\" style=\"stroke: none\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg class=\"edgeLabel\">\u003Cg class=\"label\" data-id=\"L_NOYAU_HW_0\" transform=\"translate(0, 0)\">\u003Ctext y=\"-10.1\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u003Ctspan class=\"text-outer-tspan row\" x=\"0\" y=\"-0.1em\" dy=\"1.1em\" text-anchor=\"middle\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Ftext>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg>\u003Crect class=\"background\" style=\"stroke: 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width=\"130%\">\u003CfeDropShadow dx=\"4\" dy=\"4\" stdDeviation=\"0\" flood-opacity=\"0.06\" flood-color=\"#000000\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Ffilter>\u003C\u002Fdefs>\u003Cdefs>\u003Cfilter id=\"ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-couches-os-drop-shadow-small\" height=\"150%\" width=\"150%\">\u003CfeDropShadow dx=\"2\" dy=\"2\" stdDeviation=\"0\" flood-opacity=\"0.06\" flood-color=\"#000000\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Ffilter>\u003C\u002Fdefs>\u003ClinearGradient id=\"ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-couches-os-gradient\" gradientUnits=\"objectBoundingBox\" x1=\"0%\" y1=\"0%\" x2=\"100%\" y2=\"0%\">\u003Cstop offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#4948b8\" stop-opacity=\"1\"\u002F>\u003Cstop offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#c4c8cd\" stop-opacity=\"1\"\u002F>\u003C\u002FlinearGradient>\u003C\u002Fsvg>",[593,728,730],{"id":729},"les-processus","Les processus",[598,732,733,734,737],{},"Quand vous lancez une application (un navigateur, un éditeur, Python), l'OS\ncrée un ",[602,735,736],{},"processus"," : une instance en cours d'exécution du programme. Un\nmême programme peut donner naissance à plusieurs processus indépendants (deux\nfenêtres de votre navigateur sont souvent deux processus distincts).",[598,739,740],{},"Chaque processus possède :",[742,743,744,756,763,770],"ul",{},[745,746,747,748,751,752,755],"li",{},"un ",[602,749,750],{},"identifiant"," unique (PID, ",[611,753,754],{},"process id",") ;",[745,757,758,759,762],{},"son ",[602,760,761],{},"espace mémoire"," isolé des autres processus ;",[745,764,765,766,769],{},"l'",[602,767,768],{},"état"," courant (en cours, en attente, terminé) ;",[745,771,772,773,776],{},"les ",[602,774,775],{},"fichiers"," qu'il a ouverts.",[598,778,779,780,783],{},"L'",[602,781,782],{},"isolation mémoire"," est cruciale : un processus qui plante ne doit pas\nfaire planter les autres, ni accéder à leurs données.",[785,786,789,796],"self-eval-qcm",{"correct":787,"slug":788},"1","systemes-exploitation-c1",[790,791,793],"template",{"v-slot:question":792},"",[598,794,795],{},"Que désigne le PID d'un processus ?",[790,797,798],{"v-slot:choices":792},[742,799,800,803,806],{},[745,801,802],{},"Sa priorité d’exécution",[745,804,805],{},"Son identifiant unique",[745,807,808],{},"Sa taille mémoire",[593,810,812],{"id":811},"le-multitâche-lillusion-de-la-simultanéité","Le multitâche : l'illusion de la simultanéité",[598,814,815,816,819],{},"Vous écoutez de la musique tout en écrivant un mail, et votre navigateur\ncharge une page en arrière-plan. Sur un mono-cœur, le CPU ne peut pourtant\nexécuter qu'",[602,817,818],{},"une instruction à la fois",". Comment l'OS donne-t-il l'illusion\nde la simultanéité ?",[598,821,822,823,826,827,830],{},"Par le ",[602,824,825],{},"multitâche préemptif"," : l'OS découpe le temps en tranches très\ncourtes (quelques millisecondes) et ",[602,828,829],{},"alterne"," rapidement entre processus.\nSur la durée d'une seconde, chaque processus a reçu sa part de temps CPU, et\nl'œil humain perçoit le tout comme simultané.",[598,832,833,834,837,838,841,842,845],{},"Le composant responsable est l'",[602,835,836],{},"ordonnanceur"," (",[611,839,840],{},"scheduler","). Il décide à\nchaque instant quel processus va recevoir le CPU. Sur un multi-cœur, plusieurs\nprocessus peuvent ",[602,843,844],{},"réellement"," s'exécuter en parallèle, un par cœur.",[847,848,849],"tip",{},[598,850,851,852,855,856,859,860,863,864,867],{},"Le multitâche ",[602,853,854],{},"préemptif"," est très différent du multitâche\n",[602,857,858],{},"coopératif"," : préemptif, l'OS peut ",[602,861,862],{},"interrompre"," un processus à tout\nmoment ; coopératif, le processus doit ",[602,865,866],{},"rendre la main"," de lui-même. Les\nOS modernes utilisent tous le préemptif, plus robuste — un processus mal\nécrit ne peut pas geler tout le système.",[593,869,871],{"id":870},"le-système-de-fichiers","Le système de fichiers",[598,873,874,875,878,879,883,884,887],{},"L'OS organise le disque en ",[602,876,877],{},"arborescence"," : un répertoire racine, des\nsous-répertoires, des fichiers. Sous Linux et macOS, la racine est ",[880,881,882],"code",{},"\u002F",". Sous\nWindows, on a ",[880,885,886],{},"C:\\"," pour chaque disque.",[889,890,895],"pre",{"className":891,"code":893,"language":894,"meta":792},[892],"language-text","\u002F\n├── bin\u002F        # programmes système\n├── etc\u002F        # fichiers de configuration\n├── home\u002F\n│   ├── alice\u002F  # répertoire personnel d'alice\n│   └── bob\u002F\n├── tmp\u002F        # fichiers temporaires\n└── var\u002F        # données variables (logs, etc.)\n","text",[880,896,893],{"__ignoreMap":792},[598,898,899,900,903,904,907,908,911],{},"Chaque fichier possède des ",[602,901,902],{},"métadonnées"," : nom, taille, date de\nmodification, ",[602,905,906],{},"propriétaire",", ",[602,909,910],{},"droits d'accès",".",[593,913,915],{"id":914},"les-droits-et-permissions","Les droits et permissions",[598,917,918,919,922,923,926],{},"Sur les systèmes Unix (Linux, macOS), chaque fichier porte ",[602,920,921],{},"trois niveaux","\nde droits, pour ",[602,924,925],{},"trois catégories"," d'utilisateurs.",[630,928,929,942],{},[633,930,931],{},[636,932,933,936,939],{},[639,934,935],{},"Catégorie",[639,937,938],{},"Désignation",[639,940,941],{},"Droits possibles",[646,943,944,974,989],{},[636,945,946,955,960],{},[651,947,948,837,951,954],{},[602,949,950],{},"Propriétaire",[611,952,953],{},"user",")",[651,956,957],{},[880,958,959],{},"u",[651,961,962,963,966,967,970,971,954],{},"lire (",[880,964,965],{},"r","), écrire (",[880,968,969],{},"w","), exécuter (",[880,972,973],{},"x",[636,975,976,981,986],{},[651,977,978],{},[602,979,980],{},"Groupe",[651,982,983],{},[880,984,985],{},"g",[651,987,988],{},"lire, écrire, exécuter",[636,990,991,999,1004],{},[651,992,993,837,996,954],{},[602,994,995],{},"Autres",[611,997,998],{},"others",[651,1000,1001],{},[880,1002,1003],{},"o",[651,1005,988],{},[598,1007,1008,1009,1012],{},"L'affichage typique d'un ",[880,1010,1011],{},"ls -l"," ressemble à :",[889,1014,1017],{"className":1015,"code":1016,"language":894,"meta":792},[892],"-rw-r--r--  1 alice users  1234  Jan 12 10:30  notes.txt\n",[880,1018,1016],{"__ignoreMap":792},[598,1020,1021,1022,1025],{},"Le bloc ",[880,1023,1024],{},"-rw-r--r--"," se lit ainsi :",[742,1027,1028,1034,1040,1050],{},[745,1029,1030,1033],{},[880,1031,1032],{},"-"," : fichier ordinaire (pas un répertoire).",[745,1035,1036,1039],{},[880,1037,1038],{},"rw-"," : le propriétaire (alice) peut lire et écrire.",[745,1041,1042,1045,1046,1049],{},[880,1043,1044],{},"r--"," : le groupe ",[880,1047,1048],{},"users"," peut seulement lire.",[745,1051,1052,1054],{},[880,1053,1044],{}," : les autres utilisateurs peuvent seulement lire.",[1056,1057,1058],"warning",{},[598,1059,1060,1063,1064,1067,1068,1071],{},[602,1061,1062],{},"Piège classique"," : un fichier avec le droit d'écriture pour « autres »\n(",[880,1065,1066],{},"-rw-rw-rw-",") est modifiable par n'importe quel utilisateur du système.\nSur une machine partagée, c'est une ",[602,1069,1070],{},"faille de sécurité"," majeure.",[785,1073,1075,1083],{"correct":787,"slug":1074},"systemes-exploitation-c2",[790,1076,1077],{"v-slot:question":792},[598,1078,1021,1079,1082],{},[880,1080,1081],{},"-rwxr-x---"," signifie :",[790,1084,1085],{"v-slot:choices":792},[742,1086,1087,1090,1093],{},[745,1088,1089],{},"Tout le monde peut lire et écrire",[745,1091,1092],{},"Seul le propriétaire peut écrire, et seuls propriétaire et groupe peuvent lire et exécuter",[745,1094,1095],{},"Personne ne peut exécuter",[593,1097,1099],{"id":1098},"libre-ou-propriétaire","Libre ou propriétaire",[598,1101,1102],{},"Les systèmes d'exploitation se répartissent en deux grandes familles selon\nleur licence.",[630,1104,1105,1118],{},[633,1106,1107],{},[636,1108,1109,1112,1115],{},[639,1110,1111],{},"Famille",[639,1113,1114],{},"Exemples",[639,1116,1117],{},"Caractéristiques",[646,1119,1120,1134],{},[636,1121,1122,1128,1131],{},[651,1123,1124,1127],{},[602,1125,1126],{},"Libre"," (open source)",[651,1129,1130],{},"Linux, FreeBSD",[651,1132,1133],{},"Code source accessible, modifiable, redistribuable.",[636,1135,1136,1140,1143],{},[651,1137,1138],{},[602,1139,950],{},[651,1141,1142],{},"Windows, macOS, iOS",[651,1144,1145],{},"Code source fermé, licence d'utilisation payante.",[598,1147,1148,1149,1152],{},"En NSI, vous utiliserez un OS libre (typiquement une ",[602,1150,1151],{},"distribution Linux","\ncomme Ubuntu ou Debian). C'est un choix pédagogique : pouvoir lire, modifier\net comprendre les rouages de la machine plutôt que de subir une boîte noire.",[593,1154,1156],{"id":1155},"pour-aller-plus-loin","Pour aller plus loin",[598,1158,1159,1160,837,1163,1166],{},"Au cœur d'un OS se trouve le ",[602,1161,1162],{},"noyau",[611,1164,1165],{},"kernel",") — la partie la plus\ncritique, qui dialogue directement avec le matériel. Tout le reste (l'interface\ngraphique, les utilitaires, les applications fournies) est en couches au-dessus.\nLe noyau Linux, démarré en 1991 par Linus Torvalds, est aujourd'hui au cœur de\nla majorité des serveurs Internet, de tous les Android, et de nombreux\nsystèmes embarqués.",{"title":792,"searchDepth":1168,"depth":1168,"links":1169},2,[1170,1171,1172,1173,1174,1175,1176,1177],{"id":595,"depth":1168,"text":596},{"id":620,"depth":1168,"text":621},{"id":729,"depth":1168,"text":730},{"id":811,"depth":1168,"text":812},{"id":870,"depth":1168,"text":871},{"id":914,"depth":1168,"text":915},{"id":1098,"depth":1168,"text":1099},{"id":1155,"depth":1168,"text":1156},"Le programme spécial qui orchestre tout l'ordinateur — processus, fichiers, droits, multitâche.",null,"md",{},true,[1184,1188],{"slug":788,"kind":1185,"question":795,"choices":1186,"correct":787,"multi":1187,"explanation":792},"qcm",[802,805,808],false,{"slug":1074,"kind":1185,"question":1189,"choices":1190,"correct":787,"multi":1187,"explanation":792},"Le bloc -rwxr-x--- signifie :",[1089,1092,1095],1,{"title":369,"description":1178},"P8Qsn8AQv_4G8xMlEsrg6u7xw_7Z6GPLssQZ7szasMQ",{"id":1195,"title":1196,"bo":1197,"body":1198,"description":1386,"eval":1179,"extension":1180,"labo":1179,"meta":1387,"navigation":1187,"path":1388,"quizzes":1389,"readingTime":1191,"seo":1390,"stem":1391,"tp":1179,"__hash__":1392},"coursMemo\u002F1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation.memo.md","Les systèmes d'exploitation — l'essentiel",[588],{"type":590,"value":1199,"toc":1379},[1200,1204,1216,1220,1277,1281,1324,1328,1351,1355],[593,1201,1203],{"id":1202},"en-une-phrase","En une phrase",[598,1205,1206,1207,1209,1210,1213,1214,911],{},"Un ",[602,1208,608],{}," est un programme qui orchestre le matériel,\nisole les processus, gère fichiers et droits, et donne ",[602,1211,1212],{},"l'illusion du\nmultitâche",". Voir ",[616,1215],{"code":588},[593,1217,1219],{"id":1218},"à-mémoriser","À mémoriser",[742,1221,1222,1228,1238,1246,1258,1271],{},[745,1223,1224,1227],{},[602,1225,1226],{},"5 rôles"," : CPU, mémoire, fichiers, périphériques, utilisateurs\u002Fdroits.",[745,1229,1230,1233,1234,1237],{},[602,1231,1232],{},"Processus"," : programme en cours d'exécution, identifié par un ",[602,1235,1236],{},"PID",",\navec espace mémoire isolé.",[745,1239,1240,1243,1244,911],{},[602,1241,1242],{},"Multitâche préemptif"," : l'OS coupe et reprend les processus à intervalles\ncourts via l'",[602,1245,836],{},[745,1247,1248,1251,1252,1254,1255,1257],{},[602,1249,1250],{},"Arborescence"," : racine ",[880,1253,882],{}," sous Unix, ",[880,1256,886],{}," sous Windows.",[745,1259,1260,1263,1264,1267,1268,911],{},[602,1261,1262],{},"Droits Unix"," : ",[880,1265,1266],{},"rwx"," pour ",[880,1269,1270],{},"user \u002F group \u002F others",[745,1272,1273,1276],{},[602,1274,1275],{},"Libre vs propriétaire"," : Linux open source \u002F Windows, macOS fermés.",[593,1278,1280],{"id":1279},"à-savoir-reconnaître","À savoir reconnaître",[630,1282,1283,1293],{},[633,1284,1285],{},[636,1286,1287,1290],{},[639,1288,1289],{},"Lecture",[639,1291,1292],{},"Signification",[646,1294,1295,1304,1314],{},[636,1296,1297,1301],{},[651,1298,1299],{},[880,1300,1024],{},[651,1302,1303],{},"Fichier, propriétaire lit\u002Fécrit, groupe et autres lisent",[636,1305,1306,1311],{},[651,1307,1308],{},[880,1309,1310],{},"-rwxr-xr-x",[651,1312,1313],{},"Fichier exécutable, lecture\u002Fexécution pour tous",[636,1315,1316,1321],{},[651,1317,1318],{},[880,1319,1320],{},"drwxr-x---",[651,1322,1323],{},"Répertoire, accès complet propriétaire, lecture groupe",[593,1325,1327],{"id":1326},"pièges-courants","Pièges courants",[742,1329,1330,1339,1342],{},[745,1331,1332,1333,1335,1336,1338],{},"Confondre ",[602,1334,710],{}," (le code sur disque) et ",[602,1337,736],{}," (l'exécution\nen mémoire).",[745,1340,1341],{},"Croire qu'un mono-cœur exécute « plusieurs choses à la fois » — non, il\nalterne très vite.",[745,1343,1344,1345,1350],{},"Donner des droits ",[602,1346,1347],{},[880,1348,1349],{},"rw-rw-rw-"," sur un fichier sensible : tout\nutilisateur peut le modifier.",[593,1352,1354],{"id":1353},"vocabulaire","Vocabulaire",[742,1356,1357,1365,1373],{},[745,1358,1359,837,1362,1364],{},[602,1360,1361],{},"Noyau",[611,1363,1165],{},") : cœur de l'OS, dialogue avec le matériel.",[745,1366,1367,837,1370,1372],{},[602,1368,1369],{},"Ordonnanceur",[611,1371,840],{},") : choisit quel processus reçoit le CPU.",[745,1374,1375,1378],{},[602,1376,1377],{},"Shell"," : programme qui lit vos commandes (cours suivant).",{"title":792,"searchDepth":1168,"depth":1168,"links":1380},[1381,1382,1383,1384,1385],{"id":1202,"depth":1168,"text":1203},{"id":1218,"depth":1168,"text":1219},{"id":1279,"depth":1168,"text":1280},{"id":1326,"depth":1168,"text":1327},{"id":1353,"depth":1168,"text":1354},"Mémo de révision sur le rôle d'un OS.",{},"\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fsystemes-exploitation.memo",[],{"title":1196,"description":1386},"1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation.memo","ICcJEF-gD-70G6Xs69JdD6Wu7kIIIpyfwE3i4ZBORrA",{"id":1394,"title":1395,"body":1396,"description":1664,"extension":1180,"meta":1665,"navigation":1187,"path":1666,"seo":1667,"stem":1668,"__hash__":1669},"coursSlides\u002F1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation.slides.md","Les systèmes d'exploitation — diapositives",{"type":590,"value":1397,"toc":1662},[1398,1402,1405,1408,1412,1415,1429,1431,1435,1465,1467,1471,1479,1493,1498,1500,1503,1509,1514,1516,1518,1524,1532,1534,1541,1599,1604,1606,1609,1644,1650,1652,1656],[1399,1400,369],"h1",{"id":1401},"les-systèmes-dexploitation",[598,1403,1404],{},"Le programme spécial qui orchestre tout l'ordinateur.",[1406,1407],"hr",{},[1399,1409,1411],{"id":1410},"pourquoi-un-os","Pourquoi un OS ?",[598,1413,1414],{},"Sans OS :",[742,1416,1417,1420,1423,1426],{},[745,1418,1419],{},"Pas de multitâche",[745,1421,1422],{},"Pas de système de fichiers",[745,1424,1425],{},"Pas de dialogue avec le clavier ou l'écran",[745,1427,1428],{},"Chaque application devrait tout reprogrammer",[1406,1430],{},[1399,1432,1434],{"id":1433},"_5-grandes-responsabilités","5 grandes responsabilités",[1436,1437,1438,1444,1450,1455,1460],"ol",{},[745,1439,1440,1441],{},"Gestion du ",[602,1442,1443],{},"CPU",[745,1445,1446,1447],{},"Gestion de la ",[602,1448,1449],{},"mémoire",[745,1451,1452,1453],{},"Gestion des ",[602,1454,775],{},[745,1456,1452,1457],{},[602,1458,1459],{},"périphériques",[745,1461,1452,1462],{},[602,1463,1464],{},"utilisateurs et droits",[1406,1466],{},[1399,1468,1470],{"id":1469},"le-processus","Le processus",[598,1472,1206,1473,1475,1476,911],{},[602,1474,736],{}," = un programme ",[602,1477,1478],{},"en cours d'exécution",[742,1480,1481,1484,1487,1490],{},[745,1482,1483],{},"PID unique",[745,1485,1486],{},"Espace mémoire isolé",[745,1488,1489],{},"État (running, waiting, terminated)",[745,1491,1492],{},"Fichiers ouverts",[721,1494],{"alt":1495,"kind":724,"src":1496,"svg":1497},"Processus en mémoire","\u002Fillustrations\u002F1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fprocessus.svg","\u003Csvg id=\"ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-processus\" xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" class=\"illustration-svg flowchart\" viewBox=\"0 0 223.140625 460\" role=\"graphics-document document\" aria-roledescription=\"flowchart-v2\">\u003Cstyle>#ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-processus{font-family:Geist,Inter,system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif;font-size:14px;fill:var(--diagram-text);}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-processus .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear 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attente\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002FforeignObject>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003C\u002Fg>\u003Cg class=\"node default\" id=\"ill-1-nsi-1ere-pf-archi-os-processus-flowchart-P3-2\" data-look=\"classic\" transform=\"translate(111.5703125, 394)\">\u003Crect class=\"basic label-container\" style=\"\" x=\"-103.5703125\" y=\"-54\" width=\"207.140625\" height=\"108\"\u002F>\u003Cg class=\"label\" style=\"\" transform=\"translate(-71.5703125, -42)\">\u003Crect\u002F>\u003CforeignObject width=\"143.140625\" height=\"84\">\u003Cdiv xmlns=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxhtml\" style=\"display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan class=\"nodeLabel\">\u003Cp>Processus C\u003Cbr \u002F>PID 1103\u003Cbr \u002F>espace mémoire isolé\u003Cbr \u002F>état : en 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lit.",[1406,1605],{},[1399,1607,1275],{"id":1608},"libre-vs-propriétaire",[630,1610,1611,1619],{},[633,1612,1613],{},[636,1614,1615,1617],{},[639,1616,1126],{},[639,1618,950],{},[646,1620,1621,1628,1636],{},[636,1622,1623,1625],{},[651,1624,1130],{},[651,1626,1627],{},"Windows, macOS",[636,1629,1630,1633],{},[651,1631,1632],{},"Code source ouvert",[651,1634,1635],{},"Code fermé",[636,1637,1638,1641],{},[651,1639,1640],{},"Modifiable, redistribuable",[651,1642,1643],{},"Licence d'usage",[598,1645,1646,1647,911],{},"En NSI : on utilise un OS ",[602,1648,1649],{},"libre",[1406,1651],{},[1399,1653,1655],{"id":1654},"à-retenir","À retenir",[598,1657,1658,1659,1661],{},"L'OS est un ",[602,1660,627],{}," invisible : il fait tourner les programmes,\nprotège leurs données et arbitre l'accès au matériel.",{"title":792,"searchDepth":1168,"depth":1168,"links":1663},[],"Deck projetable pour introduire les OS.",{},"\u002Fnsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002Fsystemes-exploitation.slides",{"title":1395,"description":1664},"1.nsi-1ere\u002Fpf-archi-os\u002F3.systemes-exploitation.slides","btLFinOuAsJhgUqPAC1toXiqUAJQvvQh1vALK66ClcU",{"id":1195,"title":1196,"bo":1671,"body":1672,"description":1386,"eval":1179,"extension":1180,"labo":1179,"meta":1807,"navigation":1187,"path":1388,"quizzes":1808,"readingTime":1191,"seo":1809,"stem":1391,"tp":1179,"__hash__":1392},[588],{"type":590,"value":1673,"toc":1800},[1674,1676,1684,1686,1724,1726,1762,1764,1780,1782],[593,1675,1203],{"id":1202},[598,1677,1206,1678,1209,1680,1213,1682,911],{},[602,1679,608],{},[602,1681,1212],{},[616,1683],{"code":588},[593,1685,1219],{"id":1218},[742,1687,1688,1692,1698,1704,1712,1720],{},[745,1689,1690,1227],{},[602,1691,1226],{},[745,1693,1694,1233,1696,1237],{},[602,1695,1232],{},[602,1697,1236],{},[745,1699,1700,1243,1702,911],{},[602,1701,1242],{},[602,1703,836],{},[745,1705,1706,1251,1708,1254,1710,1257],{},[602,1707,1250],{},[880,1709,882],{},[880,1711,886],{},[745,1713,1714,1263,1716,1267,1718,911],{},[602,1715,1262],{},[880,1717,1266],{},[880,1719,1270],{},[745,1721,1722,1276],{},[602,1723,1275],{},[593,1725,1280],{"id":1279},[630,1727,1728,1736],{},[633,1729,1730],{},[636,1731,1732,1734],{},[639,1733,1289],{},[639,1735,1292],{},[646,1737,1738,1746,1754],{},[636,1739,1740,1744],{},[651,1741,1742],{},[880,1743,1024],{},[651,1745,1303],{},[636,1747,1748,1752],{},[651,1749,1750],{},[880,1751,1310],{},[651,1753,1313],{},[636,1755,1756,1760],{},[651,1757,1758],{},[880,1759,1320],{},[651,1761,1323],{},[593,1763,1327],{"id":1326},[742,1765,1766,1772,1774],{},[745,1767,1332,1768,1335,1770,1338],{},[602,1769,710],{},[602,1771,736],{},[745,1773,1341],{},[745,1775,1344,1776,1350],{},[602,1777,1778],{},[880,1779,1349],{},[593,1781,1354],{"id":1353},[742,1783,1784,1790,1796],{},[745,1785,1786,837,1788,1364],{},[602,1787,1361],{},[611,1789,1165],{},[745,1791,1792,837,1794,1372],{},[602,1793,1369],{},[611,1795,840],{},[745,1797,1798,1378],{},[602,1799,1377],{},{"title":792,"searchDepth":1168,"depth":1168,"links":1801},[1802,1803,1804,1805,1806],{"id":1202,"depth":1168,"text":1203},{"id":1218,"depth":1168,"text":1219},{"id":1279,"depth":1168,"text":1280},{"id":1326,"depth":1168,"text":1327},{"id":1353,"depth":1168,"text":1354},{},[],{"title":1196,"description":1386},{"id":1394,"title":1395,"body":1811,"description":1664,"extension":1180,"meta":2020,"navigation":1187,"path":1666,"seo":2021,"stem":1668,"__hash__":1669},{"type":590,"value":1812,"toc":2018},[1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1833,1835,1837,1859,1861,1863,1869,1879,1881,1883,1885,1889,1893,1895,1897,1902,1908,1910,1914,1968,1972,1974,1976,2006,2010,2012,2014],[1399,1814,369],{"id":1401},[598,1816,1404],{},[1406,1818],{},[1399,1820,1411],{"id":1410},[598,1822,1414],{},[742,1824,1825,1827,1829,1831],{},[745,1826,1419],{},[745,1828,1422],{},[745,1830,1425],{},[745,1832,1428],{},[1406,1834],{},[1399,1836,1434],{"id":1433},[1436,1838,1839,1843,1847,1851,1855],{},[745,1840,1440,1841],{},[602,1842,1443],{},[745,1844,1446,1845],{},[602,1846,1449],{},[745,1848,1452,1849],{},[602,1850,775],{},[745,1852,1452,1853],{},[602,1854,1459],{},[745,1856,1452,1857],{},[602,1858,1464],{},[1406,1860],{},[1399,1862,1470],{"id":1469},[598,1864,1206,1865,1475,1867,911],{},[602,1866,736],{},[602,1868,1478],{},[742,1870,1871,1873,1875,1877],{},[745,1872,1483],{},[745,1874,1486],{},[745,1876,1489],{},[745,1878,1492],{},[721,1880],{"alt":1495,"kind":724,"src":1496,"svg":1497},[1406,1882],{},[1399,1884,1242],{"id":1502},[598,1886,1505,1887,911],{},[602,1888,1508],{},[598,1890,779,1891,1513],{},[602,1892,836],{},[1406,1894],{},[1399,1896,871],{"id":870},[889,1898,1900],{"className":1899,"code":1521,"language":894,"meta":792},[892],[880,1901,1521],{"__ignoreMap":792},[598,1903,1526,1904,907,1906,911],{},[602,1905,906],{},[602,1907,1531],{},[1406,1909],{},[1399,1911,1537,1912,1540],{"id":1536},[880,1913,1266],{},[630,1915,1916,1924],{},[633,1917,1918],{},[636,1919,1920,1922],{},[639,1921,935],{},[639,1923,1551],{},[646,1925,1926,1940,1954],{},[636,1927,1928,1932],{},[651,1929,1558,1930,954],{},[880,1931,959],{},[651,1933,1934,907,1936,907,1938],{},[880,1935,965],{},[880,1937,969],{},[880,1939,973],{},[636,1941,1942,1946],{},[651,1943,1573,1944,954],{},[880,1945,985],{},[651,1947,1948,907,1950,907,1952],{},[880,1949,965],{},[880,1951,969],{},[880,1953,973],{},[636,1955,1956,1960],{},[651,1957,1588,1958,954],{},[880,1959,1003],{},[651,1961,1962,907,1964,907,1966],{},[880,1963,965],{},[880,1965,969],{},[880,1967,973],{},[598,1969,1970,1603],{},[880,1971,1024],{},[1406,1973],{},[1399,1975,1275],{"id":1608},[630,1977,1978,1986],{},[633,1979,1980],{},[636,1981,1982,1984],{},[639,1983,1126],{},[639,1985,950],{},[646,1987,1988,1994,2000],{},[636,1989,1990,1992],{},[651,1991,1130],{},[651,1993,1627],{},[636,1995,1996,1998],{},[651,1997,1632],{},[651,1999,1635],{},[636,2001,2002,2004],{},[651,2003,1640],{},[651,2005,1643],{},[598,2007,1646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